azotemia

Introduction

Introduction The broad concept is that as long as the blood urea nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen or creatinine is outside the normal range, it can be called azotemia. Various kidney diseases are prolonged and unhealed, and renal function damage may occur in the late stage, so that nitrogen leakage in the blood is blocked, and sputum accumulates in the blood, which is the result of renal failure. However, normal people eat high-protein foods in a short period of time, such as Chinese New Year holidays or too many banquets. Although the kidney function is normal, but the excessive nitrogen can not be quickly discharged in a short time, it will appear once. Sexual azotemia. The narrow concept is that when kidney disease patients have chronic renal insufficiency, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are above the normal range. This period is called azotemia period, or pre-uremic disease.

Cause

Cause

Causes:

Insufficient renal perfusion secondary to the following conditions can lead to this disease:

1 Heart beat volume is reduced.

2 blood loss.

3 low blood pressure.

4 dehydration syndrome.

5 post-operative period.

6 late stage of oncology.

7ADH secretion syndrome.

8 with vasoconstrictor, the common causes of prerenal renal failure are vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, major bleeding, burns, etc., can also be seen in severe edema and ascites (relative lack of blood volume).

Examine

an examination

Related inspection

Abdominal vascular ultrasonography abdominal MRI

First, the whole body edema: almost all have different degrees of edema, edema is most obvious in the face, lower limbs, scrotum. The edema can last for weeks or months, or it can be swollen during the entire course of the disease. After infection (especially streptococcal infection), edema often recurs or aggravates, and even azotemia can occur.

Second, the symptoms of digestive tract: due to edema of the gastrointestinal tract, often do not think about diet, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension and other symptoms of digestive tract dysfunction. When there is azotemia, the above symptoms are aggravated.

Third, high blood pressure: an important clinical manifestation of non-nephrotic syndrome, but there are water, sodium sputum slip, blood volume increased, temporary high blood pressure may occur. Type II primary renal pelvic syndrome can be associated with hypertension.

Fourth, proteinuria: a large number of proteinuria is the most important condition for the diagnosis of physiology.

Fifth, there are many urination bubbles, and they will not disappear for a long time. This indicates that there is more protein excreted in the urine and discoloration of the urine. The urine is dark brown, washed with water, soy sauce or turbid. If you are in the rice water, you will see the doctor immediately. Excessive or too little urine. Normal people's urine output is 1500 ml per day, 4-8 times a day. If there is no fever, a lot of sweating, a lot of drinking water, etc., when the amount of urination suddenly decreases or suddenly increases, it is necessary to go to the hospital for examination to see if it is a kidney disease. Nocturia. Normal people within 60 years of age, generally should not have nocturia, if young people with nocturia increased, it is likely to be an early manifestation of kidney dysfunction: edema. After getting up in the morning, the eyelids or face are edema, and it subsides more in the afternoon. After exerting fatigue, it is aggravated and relieved after rest. Severe edema can occur on the inside of the ankles, in the lower extremities, in the lumbosacral region, and so on. lumbago. Low back pain without clear cause should check the kidneys, spine and lower back muscles.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

It is differentiated from renal azotemia. There are primary causes and medical history that can help identify.

1, hypoproteinemia: mainly plasma protein decreased, the extent of which is significantly related to the degree of proteinuria.

2, hyperlipidemia: blood triglyceride increased significantly.

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