single episode depression
Introduction
Introduction In general, a single episode of depression, also known as a single episode of major depressive disorder, refers to only one episode, no manic symptoms, mixed depression symptoms, and mild mania symptoms. The first time suffering from depression and compounding the above symptoms is also called single-episode depression, because it is unknown whether the patient will develop the disease in the future, and if it is re-occurring, it is called recurrent depression. According to the severity of the disease, single-onset depression is divided into three types: 1. Mild depression (mild depression) In addition to no impairment of social function or only mild damage, all criteria for seizures consistent with depressive episodes are called mild depression; 2. Depression without psychotic symptoms In addition to the symptom criteria of depressive episodes, there are also psychotic symptoms such as no hallucinations, delusions, or tension syndrome, called depression without psychotic symptoms; 3, with psychotic symptoms Depression in addition to the symptoms of depressive episodes, but also hallucinations, delusions or stress syndrome and other symptoms of psychosis called psychotic symptoms of depression.
Cause
Cause
In general, if a disease has a clear cause, we may feel better. However, like many other serious diseases, depression can also occur without any induced events or diseases. The causes of depression can be summarized as biological, psychological, and environmental factors, and these three factors affect each other.
1. Biochemistry: When a person suffers from depression, there are often some chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. It is believed that if there is an imbalance between the two neurotransmitters, serotonin and norepinephrine, it can lead to depression or anxiety. Decreased serotonin and norepinephrine often result in depression, decreased power, and altered appetite and libido.
2. Genetic factors: Like many other diseases, depression is often concentrated in the family. If one of the parents suffers from depression, the child's chance of developing the disease increases by 10% to 13%; in the same twin, this value is even greater. If one of the twins suffers from depression, the likelihood of another person suffering from depression in their lifetime is 70%. However, among people with a family history of significant depression, many people never get this disease even under constant stress. In turn, some people with depression have no family history of depression at all.
3. Social and environmental factors: Some studies suggest that adverse life events, such as divorce, serious illness, or repeated misfortunes, can lead to depression. Daily stress also has an invisible adverse effect on our body, which in fact can lead to a wider range of diseases, including heart disease, colds and depression. People who are already prone to depression are more likely to develop the disease if they continue to be violent, neglected, abused or poor.
4. Personality and psychological factors: People who are pessimistic, have low self-confidence, have bad thinking patterns, are overly annoyed, or feel almost unable to control life events are more prone to depression.
5. Physical illness: Many physical illnesses and conditions, such as stroke, heart attack, cancer, chronic pain, diabetes, hormonal disorders and advanced disease, can often lead to depression. If you or someone you know has physical illness and is indifferent or unable to address your basic physiological needs, you should contact your doctor. These symptoms may be an emotional or subjective response to a physical illness, or it may be that the person has a depression that requires treatment.
6. Other factors: Some drugs can cause depression (such as reserpine). In addition, frequent drinking can sometimes lead to depression.
Although we have a new understanding of the cause of depression, and will continue to progress, but throughout the history of humanity, regardless of young and old, rich and poor, celebrities, people have suffered from depression. No matter who you are, you may experience symptoms of depression at some point in your life.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Cerebrospinal fluid magnesium
Most patients have reduced mental activity, slow thinking, slow response, low whispers, inhibition of will activities, indifference to the surrounding environment, decreased ability to work and study, worry all day long, lack of happiness, pessimism and pessimism.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of single episodes of depression:
1. Depressive neurosis or mood disorder: a neurosis characterized by persistent (at least 2 years) mild to moderate depression. The patient's interest diminished, but not lost; pessimistic disappointment to the future, but not desperate; self-evaluation declined, but willing to accept encouragement and praise; consciously serious illness, but take the initiative to seek medical attention. Often accompanied by significant anxiety, physical discomfort or pain and sleep disorders. The symptoms are highly volatile, and the ability to live is not seriously affected. There are often obvious psychological and social stress factors and quality factors before the illness.
2. Psychogenic (reactive) depression: Other points are closely related to onset and mental symptoms and psychosocial factors. Clinical symptoms fully reflect the content of psychology, mood swings are large, vulnerable to external environment, and insomnia is mostly asleep. Difficulties, emotional reactions are mostly blaming.
3. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia: may be associated with depressive symptoms, but its emotional response is mainly to the surrounding apathy, lack of depression and inner experience, and delusional content is also absurd. Tension in schizophrenia should be differentiated from stupor depression. The former mental symptoms are inconsistent with the environment, often accompanied by violations of tension and tension. Post-psychotic depression refers to the depression caused by mental illness, due to psychological stress on mental illness, difficulty in adapting to social life, or unbearable adverse reactions of psychotropic drugs. This situation is not uncommon and should cause clinical attention. That is, there is a difference in the history of mental illness.
4. Epileptic pathological mood is bad: the beginning and end of bad mood are more rapid, the duration is generally shorter, lack of typical emotional depression and motor inhibition symptoms, but mainly stress and fear.
Most patients have reduced mental activity, slow thinking, slow response, low whispers, inhibition of will activities, indifference to the surrounding environment, decreased ability to work and study, worry all day long, lack of happiness, pessimism and pessimism.
