persistent pain
Introduction
Introduction Persistent pain is a feeling that is caused by various damages in the body tissues. It often causes the body to avoid these damages. It is a warning signal for the body and has a protective effect. However, persistent and intense pain can cause disturbances in physiological functions and even shocks. Any form of stimulation (physical or chemical) that causes a certain intensity can cause pain.
Cause
Cause
It is currently believed that various forms of super-stimulation can cause tissue cells to release certain chemicals, called pain-causing substances, including: acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, bradykinin and peptides, potassium ions, hydrogen Ions, as well as acidic metabolites released during tissue damage; prostaglandin E1 has also been shown to increase tissue sensitivity to pain and cause pain. The pain-causing agent acts directly on the pain receptors of the nerve endings, generating impulses through the different afferent nerves to reach the posterior root ganglion cells of the spinal cord, and along the side of the spinal thalamus, passing through the inner capsule to the center of the cerebral cortex District, causing pain in positioning. The stimulation of the head and face is mainly transmitted by the sensory branch of the trigeminal nerve; it is mainly transmitted by the sympathetic nerve; the pain of the esophagus and the trachea is uploaded by the afferent nerve of the vagus nerve trunk.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
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The septic pain of visceral smooth muscle varies greatly from disease to disease and from different causes. It varies from a few seconds to several hours, and the pain site is roughly the same as the lesion. Renal colic is an acute attack that can occur intermittently every few days, weeks or months; gastric and duodenal ulcers often have periodic, rhythmic pain in the upper abdomen, which is characterized by periodic pain in the late fall and early spring. Rhythmic pain during hunger and at night; pain in biliary ascariasis is intermittent and acute, and the remission period is as quiet as normal. The onset of angina pectoris usually lasts from a few minutes to more than ten minutes. The chest pain of acute myocardial infarction can last for several hours. The pain of pericarditis can last for several days. Acupuncture, electric shock, knife cutting, burning, knife, and pulsation Sexual pain; pain, dull pain, stuffy pain, soreness, etc., there are faint pain, obvious pain, severe pain and so on.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
1. Abdominal cavity obstruction (intestinal obstruction, bile duct obstruction, ureteral obstruction, etc.) is often a sudden abdominal cramps, from light to heavy, gradually relieved after a few minutes, and relapse after a period of time.
2. The abdominal pain of peptic ulcer is generally mild, manifested as colic, dull or burning pain.
3. Angina is often severely crushed with pain and suffocation.
4. Trigeminal neuralgia, glaucoma, pulpitis, external auditory canal edema, migraine and meningeal irritation, etc., the head and face pain often manifests severe. Changes in the nature and intensity of pain, especially as they escalate, should be vigilant, often suggesting a change or worsening of the condition.
5. The abdominal pain of peptic ulcer suddenly increased, showing a knife-like or tear-like pain, and continued to not relieve, it is a sign of acute perforation.
6. Hypertensive patients with severe headache and vomiting should be alert to the onset of cerebral hemorrhage or hypertensive encephalopathy.
7. Headache progressive aggravation, accompanied by vomiting, should consider increased intracranial pressure, can be seen in brain tumors or abscesses.
8. In addition to the anterior region and post-sternal pain, angina pectoris may involve the left shoulder and the inside of the left arm, and may even cause abdominal pain, toothache, neck pain and the like.
9. The pain of pericarditis can involve the shoulders, deltoids and neck.
10. In addition to right upper quadrant pain, liver and biliary diseases can be involved in the right shoulder.
11. Pain in the posterior wall of duodenal ulcer or acute pancreatitis can be radiated to the back.
12. Acute appendicitis can cause upper abdominal pain in the early stage.
13. Colic ureteral stones often radiate along the edge of the rectus abdominis to the lateral abdomen and groin.
14. The pain of female pelvic disease is often radiated to the lumbosacral and perineal areas.
15. The pain of male prostate lesions is radiated to the perineum, lumbosacral region and external genitalia.
