flatulence
Introduction
Introduction Gastrointestinal bloating is caused by a variety of reasons. Gastrointestinal tract is not smooth or obstructed. Gases in the gastrointestinal tract cannot be excreted with gastrointestinal motility. Gas is concentrated in the gastrointestinal tract and is called bloating. Gastrointestinal bloating can be functional or organic, such as gastric palsy caused by diabetes in the irritable bowel syndrome, causing bloating of the gastrointestinal tract to be a functional ventral pyloric obstruction. For organic swelling and constipation at the same time. At the same time, indigestion can also cause flatulence, drink water in peacetime, and see a doctor if you find a problem. Protect your health.
Cause
Cause
1. Gastric diseases caused by gastrointestinal bloating include: acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, gastroptosis, acute gastric dilatation, pyloric obstruction, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. Intestinal diseases mainly include: bacterial dysentery, amoebic dysentery, intestinal tuberculosis, acute hemorrhagic necrotic enteritis. Complete or incomplete intestinal obstruction. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Intestinal parasitic diseases. Gastrointestinal neurosis, including gassing, gastric syndrome, liver and spleen syndrome, colon allergy, etc.
2, liver, gallbladder, pancreatic disease caused by flatulence of liver disease mainly include: acute or chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, primary liver cancer. Biliary diseases include: chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, etc. Pancreatic diseases, including acute or chronic pancreatitis.
3, peritoneal diseases include acute peritonitis, tuberculous peritonitis, peritoneal cancer and other diseases.
4. Cardiovascular diseases include congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, mesenteric vascular embolism, thrombosis, and mesenteric arteriosclerosis.
5, acute infectious diseases caused by various serious infections such as toxemia, sepsis, toxic pneumonia, intestinal typhoid and so on.
6, other diseases, bronchial asthma, emphysema, hypokalemia, spinal cord disease, drug reactions, connective tissue disease, myxedema, malnutrition and post-surgery.
Examine
an examination
Laboratory examinations must be summarized and analyzed based on objective data learned from medical history and physical examination, from which several diagnostic possibilities may be proposed, and further consideration should be given to those examinations to confirm the diagnosis. It can be used for examination of digestive X-ray, gastroscope, colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT and so on.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bloating should be based on the clinical features of the medical history and related examinations and diagnosis of the following diseases:
(1) Acute gastric dilatation
Acute gastric dilatation often occurs in the first few days after abdominal surgery, and it can also be seen in patients with diabetic acidosis, pneumococcal pneumonia, liver coma, uremia, acute pancreatitis, excessive use of anticholinergic drugs, or overeating.
1 clinical features:
1 The earliest symptoms were anorexia and anorexia, followed by upper abdominal distension and upper abdomen and umbilical pain. 2 vomiting a lot of stomach content and bile. 3 electrolyte disorder metabolic alkalosis dehydration hypovolemic shock. 4 The upper abdomen may have gastric tenderness and the sound of the water and the sound of the bowel sounds weaken or disappear.
2 diagnosis basis:
1 The above clinical manifestations occurred after early abdominal surgery or after binge eating. 2 The upper abdomen is inflated or the stomach type has a sound of shaking water. 3 abdominal plain film can be seen in the dilated gastric sac and liquid level. 4 The disease must be differentiated from intestinal obstruction. A small amount of tincture can be used to show an enlarged outline of the stomach cavity.
(two) pyloric obstruction
More than 80% of patients with pyloric obstruction are complications of ulcer disease. Gastrointestinal pyloric and duodenal ulcers or tumors in the above sites are prone to pyloric obstruction.
1 clinical features:
1 patients with a history of ulcer disease can have progressive anorexia and weight loss. 2 upper abdominal fullness or pain. 3 refractory nausea and vomiting vomit is acidic with food or food. 4 The upper abdomen may have stomach type and peristaltic wave, and the sound of shaking water is often accompanied by low potassium and low nitrogen alkalosis.
2 diagnosis points:
1 typical medical history. 2 Refractory vomits have food in the vomit. 3 The upper abdomen has stomach-type peristaltic waves and vibrating water.
(three) intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction is a common acute abdomen.
1 clinical features:
Abdominal colic, nausea and vomiting, severe abdominal distension, no anal exhaust without defecation, intestinal type and peristaltic wave in the abdomen, paralytic intestinal obstruction often accompanied by symptoms of infection, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia, low chloride alkalosis, mechanical intestinal obstruction The bowel sounds are hyperthyroidism, and the bowel sounds of the paralytic ileus weaken or disappear.
2 diagnosis points:
1 typical clinical manifestations. 2 Abdominal X-ray film is an important means to diagnose intestinal obstruction. There are multiple levels of different levels in the position examination. In the small intestine obstruction, there is trapezoidal liquid level in the center of the abdomen. When the colon is obstructed, the expansion of the ileocecal valve can be limited to the colon. Within, the small intestine and colon of the paralytic ileus are highly inflated. 3 supine abdomen plain film, different intestinal segments or intestinal mucosa wrinkle morphology to help identify the obstruction site. 4 gastrointestinal barium meal examination, general contraindications, but it is advocated that the injection of a thin sputum into the dilute sputum before the operation can determine the location and nature of the obstruction, should be treated immediately after the examination.
(D) small intestine malabsorption syndrome
(5) Megacolon
(6) Gastrointestinal congestion
Gastrointestinal congestion is more common in right heart failure caused by various cardiovascular diseases and portal hypertension caused by various causes.
Clinically, there are often symptoms such as nausea and vomiting in the abdominal appetite, often accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly.
Diagnostic points:
1 caused by cardiovascular disease often have symptoms such as palpitation, shortness of breath, etc., when the body can be found, cyanosis, jugular vein engorgement, hepatosplenomegaly, surrounding tissue edema, heart enlargement and heart murmur can be found. 2 caused by portal hypertension, a history of chronic liver disease, abnormal liver function, can be found in the performance of portal hypertension. 3 echocardiographic abdominal ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound have important differential diagnosis significance.
(7) Gastrointestinal neurosis
Gastrointestinal neurosis or gastrointestinal neurosis is a manifestation of neurological dysfunction in the gastrointestinal tract with gastrointestinal motility and secretory dysfunction.
