irregular menstruation
Introduction
Introduction Irregular menstruation, also known as menstrual disorders, is a common gynecological common disease, manifested as abnormal menstrual cycle or bleeding volume, or abdominal pain and systemic symptoms before and during menstruation, the cause may be organic lesions or function Abnormal. Many systemic diseases such as blood diseases, hypertension, liver disease, endocrine diseases, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, genital tract infections, tumors (such as ovarian tumors, uterine fibroids) can cause menstrual disorders.
Cause
Cause
The disease causes irregular menstruation:
1. Neuroendocrine dysfunction caused by: The function of the lower hindbrain-ovarian axis is unstable or defective, that is, menstrual disease.
2, caused by organic lesions or drugs: including local inflammation of the reproductive organs, tumor and developmental abnormalities, malnutrition, intracranial diseases, other endocrine disorders such as thyroid, adrenal gland dysfunction, diabetes, Xi's disease, etc. Liver diseases, blood disorders, etc., the use of drugs for the treatment of psychosis, endocrine preparations or contraceptives using intrauterine devices may cause irregular menstruation, some occupations such as long-distance runners are prone to amenorrhea, in addition, some abnormal bleeding during pregnancy is also often It was mistaken for irregular menstruation.
In clinical diagnosis of menstrual diseases with neuroendocrine dysfunction, various organic causes must be excluded.
Emotional abnormalities cause menstrual disorders
Emotional abnormalities Long-term mental depression, suffocation or major mental stimulation and psychological trauma can lead to menstrual disorders or dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, because menstruation is formed by hormones secreted by the ovary to stimulate the endometrium, and ovarian secretion hormones are affected. The control of hormone release from the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, so whether the ovary, pituitary gland, or hypothalamus function abnormally, will affect menstruation.
Cold stimulation causes less menstruation or even amenorrhea
According to the study of living, women's menstrual period is stimulated by cold, which will cause excessive contraction of blood vessels in the pelvic cavity, which may cause less menstruation or even amenorrhea. Therefore, women's daily life should be regular, avoiding overwork, especially during menstruation to prevent cold and damp.
Dieting causes irregular menstruation
Over-dietary related experts have shown that girls' fat accounts for at least 17% of body weight, before menarche can occur, body fat can reach at least 22% of body weight, in order to maintain a normal menstrual cycle, excessive diet, due to insufficient energy intake, the body A large amount of fat and protein are consumed, resulting in a lack of estrogen synthesis disorders, affecting menstrual cramps, and even a small amount of menstruation or amenorrhea, therefore, the pursuit of slim women, must not blindly diet.
Aphrodisiac causes irregular menstruation
Some of the ingredients and alcohol in alcoholic cigarette smoke can interfere with the physiological processes related to menstruation, causing irregular menstruation. Among women who smoke and drink excessively, 25%-32% of them are treated in hospital due to irregular menstruation. Among women who smoke more than 1 pack per day or drink more than 100 mg of high-alcohol liquor, menopause is three times that of non-smokers and women, so women should not smoke or drink less.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Ovarian examination laparoscopic
Auxiliary inspection:
1B ultra-examination: reflecting the uterus, ovaries and pelvic conditions.
2 cytology examination: check ovarian function and exclude malignant lesions.
3 biopsy: determine the nature of the lesion, mostly used for the diagnosis of tumors.
4 Endocrine measurement: At present, the hormones secreted by pituitary gonadotropin, prolactin, ovary, thyroid and adrenal cortex can be measured. The simple methods commonly used to understand ovarian function are vaginal smear, cervical mucus, basal body temperature and endometrial biopsy. .
5X-ray examination, uterine lipiodol angiography can understand the condition of the uterus, with or without submucosal fibroids or polyps, and the lateral position of the sella can be used to understand the presence or absence of pituitary tumors.
6 hysteroscopy or laparoscopy: observation of lesions in the uterine cavity and pelvic organs.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Early menstruation
(1) The menstrual cycle is more than 7 days in advance, or even a half-monthly line, for more than 3 consecutive menstrual cycles.
(2) The menstrual cycle is half a month earlier, and should be differentiated from intermenstrual bleeding, puberty, and menopause.
2. Late menstruation
(1) The menstrual cycle exceeds 35 days and continues for more than 3 menstrual cycles.
(2) The postponement of women of childbearing age should be differentiated from pregnancy, adolescence, and menopause.
(3) gynecological examination, B-ultrasound or pneumoperitoneography to exclude uterine and ovarian organic diseases.
3. Menstruation has no regularity
(1) The menstrual cycle or before or after, more than 7 days, and more than 3 consecutive menstrual cycles.
(2) Menstrual cycle disorders should be distinguished from adolescent and menopausal menstrual disorders.
(3) gynecological examination and B-ultrasound and other abnormal lesions, basal body temperature, vaginal smear, cervical mucus crystallization examination to understand ovarian function.
4. More menstruation
(1) The menstrual cycle is basically normal, the amount of menstruation is significantly increased, more than 50 ml, or more than 7 days.
(2) gynecological examination and B-ultrasound examination, to exclude uterine fibroids and other organic diseases.
(3) Excluding thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy caused by menorrhagia.
5. Less menstruation
(1) The menstrual cycle is basically normal, the amount of menstruation is very small, less than 30 ml, or even a drop.
(2) The disease should be differentiated from early pregnancy.
(3) Eliminate less menstruation caused by tuberculosis.
