foot deformity
Introduction
Introduction Foot deformity refers to the abnormality of the shape or structure of the foot. The shape of the normal human foot is maintained by the symmetrical external muscle and the internal muscle. Some congenital or superficial disease causes the deformity of the foot.
Cause
Cause
1. Congenital malformations: flat feet with congenital bones and muscular malformations, varus in the mother's uterus before birth, and cerebral palsy at birth.
2, acquired deformity:
[1] Malformations caused by scar contracture after burns, especially in childhood, during development, the development of bones and the development of tendons, nerves, and blood vessels are severely affected by scar contracture, which is seriously affected by bone development. - malformation development, and the development of tendons and blood vessels is contracture, affecting the normal development of the foot.
[2] Injury of muscles and tendons after trauma, leaving dysfunction or loss of deformity. Malformation of the bone after trauma, deformity caused by bone defects. Insufficient functional exercise after trauma, deformity of joint stiffness or flexion contracture. Malformations left by poor fracture reduction in childhood. Developmental malformations caused by osteophyte injury in childhood.
[3] Neurogenic malformation: Malformation caused by neurological diseases such as infantile spasm, spina bifida and other neurogenic partial neural crest or post-traumatic central or peripheral nerve injury.
[4] Secondary malformations: high heels, unsuitable shoes can be secondary to hallux valgus, flat foot deformity.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Electromyography and axis measurement of the long axis and two-wire connection
Clinical manifestations: The function of normal feet is weight bearing and walking. Once the foot is deformed, there are a series of effects:
1, first affect the standing and weight of the foot.
2, the impact of gait - appear limp.
3, the shape is ugly.
4, the impact of wearing shoes.
5, due to deformity of the foot of the outside of the large piece of sputum.
6, neurogenic due to feelings of depression, pressure sores, the outside of the foot, heel pressure ulcers for a long time, severe heel bone osteomyelitis, foot osteomyelitis.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of foot deformity:
1, turning over the foot: due to the length and length of the humerus tendon caused by walking and standing can only bear the weight of the foot and landing, the foot tilted inward, the Achilles tendon is also skewed to the inside.
2, hoof foot: also known as sagging foot, pointed foot, due to the anterior tibial tendon caused, only standing before the ground, the ankle joint excessive flexion, the heel can not bear the weight, the foot contracture shortened, horseshoe Foot and varus often have arthritis at the same time.
Eversion foot: Due to the anterior and posterior tendon of the humerus, contrary to the shape of the varus, the ground arch and the weight of the medial arch often sag.
3, toe: also known as heel, follow foot, more common in the gastrocnemius and halibut tendon and congenital malformation, standing, walking, weight bearing with the heel to the ground, toe lift, ankle dorsiflexion.
Bow-shaped foot: The longitudinal arch of the foot is significantly higher than normal. The angle of the arch is reduced when the arch is measured, and there is no discomfort. It is caused by the imbalance of the inner and outer muscles of the foot.
4. Shaped foot: caused by excessive relaxation of the transverse arch.
5, flat feet: flat feet refers to the disappearance of the arch, the arch is composed of the foot bones, ligament muscles, normal cross-bow and vertical arch, the small bones of the human foot accumulate into an arch and become a foot arch. When the human body stands, walks and bears weight, the foot is not all weight-bearing. The main weight-bearing arch is often suspended with the humerus and heel to cushion the shock, protect the brain and internal organs, and make the person's performance have good bounce. If the structure of the arch is poorly developed or due to various injuries, the arch of the foot disappears to form a flat foot, and some are hereditary. Some flat feet have no discomfort, and some have pain and affect walking.
