suicidal behavior
Introduction
Introduction Suicidal behavior is divided into narrow and broad sense; narrow suicidal behavior refers to the act of consciously and voluntarily ending one's life directly; the generalized suicidal behavior refers to the "chronic suicide" behavior including deliberate self-injury and self-destruction such as drug abuse and alcoholism. Suicide behaviors that people usually say often refer to narrow suicidal behavior.
Cause
Cause
Suicide motivation and purpose:
Lost love.
Low mood or no objection.
The relationship with important people has broken down.
The court is broken and the family is lost.
Suffering from serious illness and loss of health.
He was sentenced to jail and lost his freedom.
Excessive pressure on work or school.
Lose work, money, status, self-esteem, important people, things, things.
Alcohol abuse and drug abuse.
Dislike yourself or the world.
In an environment that is tortured or extremely painful.
In a crisis of dying.
Despair, unavoidable, and rescuing (sexual harassment, rape (rape), sexual assault, sexual abuse, sexual manipulation).
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Neurological examination of the nervous system
Suicide does not happen suddenly, it has a process of development. Japanese scholar Nagaoka pointed out that the suicide process generally experienced: suicidal ideation - committing suicide - behavior change + thinking about suicide - choosing the location and time of suicide - taking suicidal behavior. For people of different ages, different personalities, and different situations, the suicide process is long and short.
Chinese scholars generally divide the suicide process into three stages:
1. Stages of suicide motivation or suicidal ideation:
It is manifested as encountering difficult problems, trying to escape from reality, and preparing to use suicide as a means of solving problems in order to free yourself.
2. Conflict stage:
After the suicidal idea, the instinct to survive will cause the person who intends to commit suicide to fall into the contradiction between life and death, thus showing the signal of suicide, suggesting suicide and other direct or indirect suicide attempts.
3. Suicide behavior selection stage:
Freed from conflicts and conflicts, the will to die is determined, the emotions gradually recover, showing abnormal calm, considering suicide methods and preparing for suicide. Such as buying a rope, collecting sleeping pills and so on. When the time comes, the end of life is taken.
Suicide as a complex social phenomenon, scholars have different views on its classification. The Center for Suicide Prevention Research of the National Institute of Mental Health is classified as "complete suicide (CS), suicide attempt (SA), suicidal idea (SI)" Bowsell (1963) classified suicide into "suicide stance, contradictory suicide attempt, serious Suicide attempt, complete sexual suicide." Other classifications include: customary suicide, chronic suicide, inadvertent suicide, incomplete suicide, and psychotic suicide. According to the results of suicide, it is generally divided into three forms: suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide success.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
At the end of the 19th century, the French sociologist Durkheim was valued by scholars for his explanation and classification of suicide. Durkheim believes that suicide is not a simple personal act, but a reaction to a society that is disintegrating. Due to social unrest and recession, the instability of society and culture has destroyed the social support and communication that is very important to the individual. This weakens people's ability to survive, confidence and will, which often leads to a significant increase in suicide rates. Durkheim also divided suicide into four types according to the strength of the society and personal control and control.
1. Altruistic suicide:
Altruistic suicide refers to suicide under social conventions or group pressure or in pursuit of a certain goal. Often to be responsible, sacrifice the ego and complete the big me. For example, Qu Yuan devoted himself to the Luojiang River, and the death aroused the awakening of the people; Meng Jiangniao cried the Great Wall, and the coward committed suicide; the disease-ridden people committed suicide to avoid the family or society. The common psychology of this type of suicide is that death is valuable and the only choice. Durkheim believes that there are more such suicides in primitive societies and the military. There are fewer and fewer in modern society.
2. Self-sexual suicide:
Self-sex suicide is the opposite of altruistic suicide. It refers to the individual's loss of social constraints and connections, and does not care about the society and groups in which they live, and commits suicide by being alone. Such as divorce, no children. Durkheim believes that such suicides have a lower chance of being in a society with a strong family atmosphere.
3. Disordered suicide:
Disordered suicide refers to the destruction of the inherent relationship between the individual and society. For example, loss of work, death of a loved one, loss of love, etc., makes it difficult for the visitor to commit suicide by being overwhelmed and uncontrollable.
4. Fatal suicide:
Fatal suicide refers to an individual who is over-controlled and commanded by the outside world for various reasons, and feels that his fate is not suicide when he can control himself. If the prisoner is trapped in the secret room, the religious person is the main devotion.
Chinese scholars divide suicide into emotional suicide and intellectual suicide.
Emotional suicide is often caused by explosive emotions, which are caused by emotional states such as grievances, remorse, guilt, shame, anger, irritability or anger. Such suicides are relatively rapid, with short development periods and even immediate impulsivity or suddenness.
Reasonable suicide is not caused by the state of passion evoked by accidental external stimuli, but because of its long-term evaluation and experience, after full judgment and reasoning, it gradually germination intentions of suicide, and purposeful and planned Choose suicide measures. Therefore, the process of suicide is relatively slow and the development period is longer.
