short toes
Introduction
Introduction Short-toe disease, the so-called congenital toes are short, this is a common name for patients and friends, in fact, the majority of patients' toes are not short, short is a section of bone behind the toes, the terminology is called the tibia, from the incidence rate, the most common in the incidence rate The fourth and first metatarsal bones are also short on the hand of some patients.
Cause
Cause
Causes:
The disease-causing gene of A-1 short finger (toe) is located in a specific region of the long arm of chromosome 2, and the point mutation of the pathogenic gene IHH of A-1 type short finger (toe) causes "hedgehog" in bone tissue. (Hedgehog) The signal capability and signal range change, eventually leading to a severe shortening or even disappearance of the middle finger (toe) section.
Through a series of studies, researchers not only clearly explained the molecular mechanism of A-1 short finger (toe), but also found that IHH gene may be involved in the early developmental regulation of phalanx.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Bone visual examination
Clinical manifestations:
It can be diagnosed according to the clinical symptoms of the disease. The patient's toes are normal at birth. Generally, at the age of 7, 8 years, the epiphysis of the fourth metatarsal is closed prematurely, stops growing, and the other toes develop normally. Thus, after adulthood, a fourth toe short deformity is formed. Generally, women are more than men, and there are more than one side on one side. Not only is the fourth metatarsal susceptible, but other single humerus is short, and it is not uncommon, such as the first short bone of the humerus, but the fourth metatarsal is mostly short.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Short toe identification:
1, short finger (toe) deformity (brachydactyly, BD)
It is a clinically rare autosomal dominant dominant hereditary malformation, mainly characterized by abnormal development of the finger (toe) bone and palm () bone. At present, the main basis for short finger typing is anatomical changes. Short-finger malformation with middle, ring and finger deformity is a common deformity in BD malformation.
2, and refers to
It is a common congenital malformation of the hand. Studies have shown that the embryo is affected by the injury factor at the 7th and 8th week of development. One of the limb buds is slightly damaged, which will cause the development of the finger to stop, and form and refer to the deformity. Because the injury factor is often not limited to one limb bud of the embryo, it refers to the combination of short fingers, the absence of pectoralis major muscle is not uncommon, and refers to the combination of short fingers, lack of pectoralis major muscle, and the case of facial nerve spasm is rare. . Facial nerve spasm and the fingers, short fingers, and pectoralis major muscles are caused by the same injury factor, or different injury factors, and further research is needed. When checking for congenital malformations, be alert to the presence of malformations in other parts of the body. And refers to the timely separation of orthopedics, the effect is satisfactory, and facial nerve spasm, not only has a great impact on the body, but also the treatment effect is not good.
