Lymphocyte regression of phytohemagglutinin
Introduction
Introduction Protein losing gastroenteropathy syndrome, also known as protein losing gastroenteropathy, is also known as protein leakage gastroenteropathy or exudative gastroenterology, which is caused by a variety of reasons. A plasma syndrome, especially a syndrome caused by the loss of albumin from the gastrointestinal mucosa. Clinically, it mainly manifests as systemic edema and low plasma proteinemia. Small intestinal lymphatic dilatation often has immunoglobulin loss and abnormal cellular immunity, and the lymphocyte ancestral phenomenon of phytohemagglutinin is also weakened, so it is prone to pulmonary infection.
Cause
Cause
The exact mechanism by which proteins are lost from the gastrointestinal tract is unknown, but currently it tends to be multi-independent and is thought to be associated with multiple diseases:
First, the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelial abnormalities: such as hypertrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, localized enteritis, Crohn's disease, intestinal cancer or any other inflammation and ulcer lesions, can be plasma proteins from the diseased mucosa Hypoproteinemia is formed when it penetrates into the intestinal lumen and exceeds the compensatory capacity of the liver.
Second, the gastrointestinal or systemic lymphatic abnormalities: lymphatic obstruction of the thoracic duct, constrictive pericarditis, congestive heart failure, intestinal lymphatic drainage, intestinal lymphatic dilatation and so on. Hypoproteinemia of constrictive pericarditis and congestive heart failure, mainly due to increased central venous pressure, hindering the return of the lymphatic vessels in the thoracic duct, resulting in loss of intestinal protein, intestinal lymphatic dilatation, may be A congenital defect that causes plasma proteins and lymphocytes to be lost from the intestine after rupture of the dilated lymphatic vessels.
Third, the increase in capillary permeability: such as colonic polyposis with telangiectasia, allergic gastro-intestinal disease, gastrointestinal mucosal metabolic disorders, etc., have increased capillary permeability, resulting in protein loss, Typical as adult celiac disease.
There are four pathophysiological changes in hypoproteinemia:
1 Reduced protein synthesis.
2 Congenital protein synthesis is reduced.
3 protein catabolism increased.
4 Loss of excess protein from urine and feces.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Serum albumin (ALB, A) albumin (A, Alb)
According to clinical manifestations, especially systemic edema with hypoproteinemia, the disease should be considered, and then combined with laboratory tests to diagnose.
Due to the loss of plasma proteins, especially albumin, the colloidal osmotic pressure is reduced and the secondary aldosterone is increased, resulting in retention of sodium and water, so patients may have systemic edema, especially in the lower limbs. In addition, there may be pleural effusion, ascites, weight loss, anemia, etc., and children may have developmental disorders. Gastrointestinal symptoms can be loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Loss of calcium can induce hand and foot spasms. Small intestinal lymphatic dilatation often has immunoglobulin loss and abnormal cellular immunity, and the lymphocyte ancestral phenomenon of phytohemagglutinin is also weakened, so it is prone to pulmonary infection.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of lymphocyte ancestral phenomenon of phytohemagglutinin:
1. Food allergies and intolerance: Food allergies are symptoms that occur repeatedly after eating a particular food, and such foods have been shown to have an immune basis (IgE antibodies to food). Food intolerance It is a complex allergic disease, which is an excessive protective immune response of the human immune system to certain foods entering the body, which can cause chronic symptoms of various systems of the body.
2. Digestive malabsorption syndrome: Digestive malabsorption syndrome is a disease caused by the normal absorption of nutrients from food into the blood. Under normal circumstances, after the food is digested, its nutrients are mainly absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine. Digestive malabsorption syndrome can occur if a disease affects the digestion of food or directly affects the absorption of nutrients.
According to clinical manifestations, especially systemic edema with hypoproteinemia, the disease should be considered, and then combined with laboratory tests to diagnose.
Due to the loss of plasma proteins, especially albumin, the colloidal osmotic pressure is reduced and the secondary aldosterone is increased, resulting in retention of sodium and water, so patients may have systemic edema, especially in the lower limbs. In addition, there may be pleural effusion, ascites, weight loss, anemia, etc., and children may have developmental disorders. Gastrointestinal symptoms can be loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Loss of calcium can induce hand and foot spasms. Small intestinal lymphatic dilatation often has immunoglobulin loss and abnormal cellular immunity, and the lymphocyte ancestral phenomenon of phytohemagglutinin is also weakened, so it is prone to pulmonary infection.
