bronchospasm
Introduction
Introduction Bronchospasm is a symptom caused by many diseases. It is not an independent disease. It is usually found in respiratory diseases, mainly diseases such as bronchitis. Smoking can directly and indirectly cause bronchospasm, which induces the onset of asthma, usually caused by upper respiratory tract infection or its repeated infection, resulting in mucosal (bronchial) mucosal lesions, which are sensitive to external stimuli and cough. In addition to smoking, certain allergens, nerve stimulation factors are possible.
Cause
Cause
Generally, the upper respiratory tract infection or its repeated infection causes a tracheal (bronchial) mucosal lesion, which is sensitive to external stimuli and cough and asthma. In addition to smoking, certain allergens, nerve stimulation factors are possible.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Pulmonary function test
Auxiliary inspection
1. Pulmonary function test: Most patients with asthma control have their lung ventilation function in the normal range. In the case of asthma attacks, due to limited expiratory flow rate, the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), one second rate (FEV1/FVC%), maximum expiratory mid-flow velocity (MMER), exhalation 50% and 75% The maximum expiratory flow (MEF 50% vs. MEF 75%) and peak expiratory flow (PEFR) were reduced during lung capacity. The usefulness of the lungs is reduced, the amount of residual gas is increased, the amount of functional residual gas and the total amount of lungs are increased, and the percentage of residual gas accounts for the total amount of lungs. After treatment, it can gradually recover.
Pulmonary function tests are very helpful in the diagnosis of asthma, an important indicator for assessing the severity of the disease, and an important indicator for evaluating the efficacy. Asthmatic patients should be reviewed regularly for pulmonary function tests. Daily monitoring of PEF helps to assess the extent of asthma control.
2, sputum eosinophils or neutrophil count: can assess airway inflammation associated with asthma.
3, exhaled NO (FeNO) concentration determination: can also be used as a non-invasive marker of airway inflammation in asthma. Sputum eosinophils and FeNo tests help to choose the best asthma treatment option.
4, allergen (ie allergen) check: allergen skin test or serum-specific IgE test can confirm the allergic state of asthma patients to help understand the risk factors that cause asthma in individuals and aggravation, can also help determine specific Sexual immunotherapy program.
5, chest x-ray examination: there is no obvious abnormality in asthma during the remission period. When the asthma attack occurs, the brightness of both lungs increases and it is over-inflated. Such as concurrent respiratory infections, increased lung texture and inflammatory infiltrates. At the same time, attention should be paid to the presence of complications such as atelectasis, pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Bronchospasm symptoms need to be distinguished from the following symptoms.
(1) Influenza: acute onset, epidemiological history, in addition to respiratory symptoms, systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, viral isolation and positive complement test can be identified.
(2) Upper respiratory tract infection: nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and other symptoms are obvious, no cough, cough, no abnormal signs in the lungs.
(3) bronchial asthma: patients with acute bronchitis, such as bronchospasm, may appear asthma, should be differentiated from bronchial asthma, the latter has paroxysmal dyspnea, breathlessness, wheezing and full lung wheezing and Sit and breathe and other symptoms and signs.
