melancholy
Introduction
Introduction The common manifestation of depression is characterized by depression, which is characterized by depression or grief for at least 2 weeks. In addition, 4 of the following symptoms are required: (1) Loss of interest in daily life, no feeling of happiness (2), significant loss of energy, continuous fatigue without reason; (3), decreased self-confidence or inferiority, or guilty feelings; (4), insomnia, early waking or excessive sleep; (5), loss of appetite (6), the concept or behavior of suicide or suicide; (7), sexual desire is significantly reduced; (8), difficulty or concentration of attention; (9), association difficulties, conscious thinking ability decreased significantly. Depressed moods have large fluctuations throughout the day, often the heaviest in the morning, then gradually reduce, to the lightest at night.
Cause
Cause
Reasons for depression:
1. Genetic factors: If there are patients with depression in the family, the risk of family members suffering from this disease is higher, which may be due to genetic susceptibility to depression. Among them, bipolar depression is more hereditary. However, people who do not have a family history of depression will have depression, and people who do not have depression have a family history, suggesting that genetics is not the only decisive factor.
2, biochemical factors: evidence shows that the disorder of biochemical substances in the brain is an important factor in the onset of depression. It is now known that there are many neurotransmitters in the brain of depression patients; the sleep patterns of patients with depression are very different from those of normal people. In addition, certain drugs can cause or aggravate depression, and some hormones have the effect of changing mood.
3, environmental factors and stress: severe loss, interpersonal tension, economic difficulties, or great changes in lifestyle, these will promote depression. Sometimes the occurrence of depression is related to physical illness. Some serious physical diseases, such as stroke, heart attack, and hormonal disorders, often cause depression and aggravate the original disease. In addition, one-third of people with depression have a problem of substance abuse.
4. Personality factors: People with the following personality traits are prone to depression: pessimistic, poor self-confidence, poor grasp of life events, and excessive anxiety. These personality traits can exacerbate the stimulation of psychological stress events and interfere with the individual's handling of events. These personality traits are mostly developed during childhood and adolescence, and the trauma of this period has a great impact.
In short, depression is caused by a combination of genetic, psychological and social factors, and should be specifically analyzed in combination with the patient's condition.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Cranial nerve examination facial expression
Melancholy check diagnosis:
According to the third edition of the Chinese Mental Disorder Diagnostic and Classification Standard (CCMD3), which was established by the Chinese Medical Association Psychiatric Branch in 2001, when a person has the following symptoms due to certain environmental factors or without any reason, it cannot be relieved for more than 2 weeks. If you influence your individual's social functions such as work ability and learning ability, you should consider whether you have depression. Common symptoms of depression are as follows:
1. Loss of interest, no sense of pleasure;
2. Energy loss or fatigue;
3. Mental retardation or agitation;
4. Self-evaluation is too low, self-blame, or guilty;
5. Lenovo's difficulty or conscious thinking ability declines;
6. Repeated thoughts of wanting to die or suicidal or self-injuring behavior;
7. Sleep disorders such as insomnia, early awakening, or excessive sleep;
8. Reduced appetite or significant weight loss;
9. Loss of libido.
A diagnosis can be made by the presence of 4 of the above 9 symptoms.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Melancholy confused symptoms:
Differential diagnosis: It is not difficult to find the clinical symptoms of depression using conventional mental illness diagnosis methods, but those that are difficult to diagnose often need to be differentiated from various mental illnesses with depression.
Depressive Disorders and Anxiety Disorders: Depressive disorders and anxiety disorders are different clinical syndromes, but they often co-occur. There are often several symptoms such as physical discomfort, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances and fatigue. The symptoms of anxiety are more prominent, and the differential diagnosis is more complicated when there is a potential depression.
Depressive Disorders and Normal Mortality: The focus of clinical attention is on the patient's moderate response to sadness. Some of the mourners have characteristic symptoms of depressive disorder (such as sadness and related symptoms, insomnia, poor appetite, and weight loss), and the mourners often regard these depressions as "normal."
In different cultural contexts, the time and expression of normal home relatives vary considerably. Usually long-term (such as more than 6 months) psychological symptoms, such as not working, learning, or home, sin, poor self-esteem, can not enjoy the activities of the previous happy, should make the doctor think of depression.
Depressive Disorders and Physical Disorders: In addition to occult depression, which is mainly characterized by physical complaints, depression is also common in patients with physical illnesses, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, and tremor paralysis, any chronic disease or delay in recovery. Can cause depression, and some treatments do the same.
Depressive symptoms are often mistakenly attributed to the "natural consequences" of physical illness. However, most people with severe illness experience grief and pain and do not all develop into depression. When a depressive disorder occurs, it is correctly identified as an independent medical disease, regardless of whether there is a triggering factor. Studies suggest that timely treatment of depressive disorder patients with severe comorbidities is effective, often improving the prognosis of other diseases, while also improving patient coping capacity and compliance with treatment.
Depressive Disorders and Dementia: In the elderly, the prevalence, comorbidity, and proportion of symptoms of depression and Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease) are high, making differential diagnosis particularly difficult. Moreover, many elderly patients have pseudo-dementia, a temporary cognitive impairment (such as memory problems, lack of concentration, and disorientation). This is due to a potential depressive disorder or physical illness and its treatment.
According to the third edition of the Chinese Mental Disorder Diagnostic and Classification Standard (CCMD3), which was established by the Chinese Medical Association Psychiatric Branch in 2001, when a person has the following symptoms due to certain environmental factors or without any reason, it cannot be relieved for more than 2 weeks. If you influence your individual's social functions such as work ability and learning ability, you should consider whether you have depression. Common symptoms of depression are as follows:
1. Loss of interest, no sense of pleasure;
2. Energy loss or fatigue;
3. Mental retardation or agitation;
4. Self-evaluation is too low, self-blame, or guilty;
5. Lenovo's difficulty or conscious thinking ability declines;
6. Repeated thoughts of wanting to die or suicidal or self-injuring behavior;
7. Sleep disorders such as insomnia, early awakening, or excessive sleep;
8. Reduced appetite or significant weight loss;
9. Loss of libido.
A diagnosis can be made by the presence of 4 of the above 9 symptoms.
