altered state of consciousness
Introduction
Introduction The altered state of eonseiou-sness (ASc) is also known as the "state of consciousness transformation." One of the contents of super-individual psychology research refers to individuals who clearly feel the qualitative changes of their psychological functions, that is, they are in a state of consciousness different from the normal state. It can be caused by mental and psychological factors, physical and physiological reasons, and various diseases. Mainly manifested as a disturbance of consciousness of the surrounding environment. It is generally divided into three types: the reduction of consciousness level, the change of consciousness content, and the narrowing of consciousness range.
Cause
Cause
The cause of the state of consciousness change:
1. Spontaneous: different states of sleepiness, daydreaming, squatting state before going to bed, sleep and dreams, frequent death experience.
2. Physical and physiological causes: extreme environmental conditions, hunger and diet, sexual activity and orgasm, breathing exercises.
3. Psychologically induced: feeling deprivation, feeling homogenous and sensory load, rhythm-induced paralysis, relaxation, retreat, hypnosis, biofeedback.
4. Disease-induced: mental disorders, fainting and vegetative, epilepsy.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Ideological state brain CT examination
Examination and diagnosis of the state of consciousness change:
At present, it is mainly accomplished by a combination of EEG, brain magnetic scanner, cortical electrogram, functional magnetic resonance brain imaging and other contemporary cognitive neuroscience techniques.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of confusing symptoms in the state of consciousness change:
Differential diagnosis of acute disturbance of consciousness: mainly due to disturbance of the surrounding environment, caused by acute systemic diseases. It is generally divided into three types: the reduction of consciousness level, the change of consciousness content, and the narrowing of consciousness range.
Acute disturbance of conspicuousness (intracranial infection), central nervous system infection (including viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.) often manifests in varying degrees of fever, headache, and varying degrees of disturbance of consciousness. Positive findings with signs of the nervous system and laboratory and various special tests.
1. Sporadic encephalitis: About 90% of people with conscious disturbances, some patients with consciousness disorder as the first symptom, but can also appear after other symptoms. Most of the disturbances of consciousness are lethargy, turbidity, convulsions, paralysis and insanity, while the conscious state can reach coma. Early disturbance of consciousness is more volatility, and it can be persistent as the condition worsens. The characteristics of this disease are: more than one has a clear history of infection, with acute or subacute onset. 2 different stages of neurological symptoms and signs, such as seizures, papilledema and his cranial nerve damage, increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia and pathological reflexes, hyperhidrosis, incontinence and other extra-cone systemic symptoms . 3EEG is mostly diffuse abnormality. 4 blood and cerebrospinal fluid can be isolated from adenovirus.
2. Epidemic encephalitis: In addition to high fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting, it often shows burnout and lethargy. In the extreme consciousness disorder, drowsiness, slumber and coma can occur. The characteristics of this disease: 1 occurred in the summer and autumn season. 2 characterized by high fever, disturbance of consciousness, headache, nausea, vomiting, convulsions and various signs of nervous system. 3 Serological examination of the complement binding test, blood agglutination test and immunofluorescence detection of specific LgM antibody positive can make a diagnosis.
3. Epidemic encephalitis A: The most common form of consciousness disorder in the acute phase, in which the sputum state is more common, accompanied by hallucinations and psychomotor excitement. Secondly, lethargy is a characteristic symptom, which seems to be in normal sleep, but then wakes up and then goes back to sleep. Some patients have sleepiness during the day but sleepless at night, accompanied by increased language. This state of drowsiness can last for several weeks. The characteristics of this disease are: 1 more common in July, more common in children and adolescents. 2 early can have headache, weakness, general malaise, low fever and throat inflammation. 3 Early clinical manifestations characterized by lethargy and ophthalmoplegia can occur. 4 acute vegetative neurological disorders such as excessive secretion of skin and saliva, hyperhidrosis, etc., late Parkinson's syndrome is more common. 5 The pressure of cerebrospinal fluid increased from mild to moderate, and the number of cells increased slightly, mainly due to the slight increase of lymph and protein.
4. Tuberculous meningitis: Consciousness is often the first meaningful symptom. The mid-conscious disturbance gradually worsens, showing drowsiness, disorientation, and difficulty in contact. The patient is often alone, easy to fall asleep, and wakes up after restlessness. As the condition worsens, paralysis can occur, accompanied by vivid hallucinations.
