Glandular thickening in the upper outer quadrant of the breast
Introduction
Introduction Glandular thickening, that is, hyperplasia of the mammary gland, refers to hyperplasia of the mammary epithelium and fibrous tissue, structural degeneration of the mammary gland and the lobule of the breast, and the growth of progressive connective tissue. The cause of the disease is mainly due to the imbalance of endocrine hormones. Chinese medicine believes that: feelings are not smooth, liver qi can not be normal and diarrhea, qi stagnation, blood stasis, stagnation, rushing tonic, often have menstrual disorders, facial spots. Modern medicine believes that the external environment and genetic factors of marriage and childbirth, diet, and human survival are the main causes of breast disease.
Cause
Cause
At present, the cause of breast hyperplasia, which is relatively recognized in the medical field, is endocrine disorders. The secretion of lutein is reduced, and the relative increase of estrogen is an important cause of breast hyperplasia. Under normal circumstances, in each menstrual cycle, the acinar, glandular duct, and fibrous tissue of a woman entering adolescence undergo a process of tissue change in hyperplasia and recovery. Because of this change, before this, there may be breast or light or heavy pain on one side or both sides. After the menstruation, the pain will naturally disappear. This does not hinder life, study and work, and is a normal physiological phenomenon.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Breast ultrasound examination of breast examination
First, the diagnosis:
Note that the shape and size of the bilateral breasts are symmetrical to indicate congenital development.
There are no limitations of bulging or depression, which can indicate the presence or absence of breast mass. If the "orange peel" changes, the nipple is sunken and the local bulge changes.
Whether the bilateral nipples are at the same level, such as cancer above the nipple, can pull the nipple up.
Second, palpation:
(a) breast examination
Sitting on the natural side (if the breast is hypertrophy, you can use the lying position), the arms are drooping. Use the palm of your hand to check the breasts step by step, on the outside (the double nipples, the word "ten", the right upper right or the left upper left is the outer), the outer lower, the inner lower, the inner upper quadrant and the central area. Comprehensive inspection. Touch it by hand and touch it continuously without missing. Be careful not to pinch the breast tissue with your fingers to avoid mistaking the pinched breast tissue as a lump. Finally, squeeze the nipples. If there is a discharge, squeeze the around the areola in turn and record which side the spill came from.
If a lump is found, you should pay attention to the size and hardness of the lump, whether the surface is smooth, whether the boundary is clear, and how active (the movement is not easy to press, the activity is good, the movement can be medium, and the apparent movement is poor). Check the lumps for adhesion to the skin and gently rub the skin on the surface of the lump. The lump is not in the skin. If there is adhesion, not inflammation, you should be alert to malignant tumors. Benign tumors have clear boundaries and large mobility. The malignant tumors are unclear, the texture is hard, the performance is not smooth, the activity is small, and it adheres to the surrounding tissues.
(two) axillary lymph node examination
One side of the upper limb slightly extended, elbow, the other hand into the contralateral armpit, with the palm of the hand pressed against the chest wall, touching the entire armpit without nodules. If the above check is suspicious, finally go to the hospital for examination. Ask your doctor to check if necessary, if necessary, ultrasound or mammography. When it is still uncertain, it is feasible to perform fine needle aspiration cytology.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The thickness of the gland outside the upper quadrant of the breast needs to be identified as follows:
First, breast lobular hyperplasia (stage I breast hyperplasia): is the initial hyperplasia of the breast, mostly occurred in the 25-35 years old, the symptoms are mild, belong to the breast hyperplasia stage I. It accounts for more than 70% of the prevalence of breast hyperplasia, and is often not taken seriously, and it is not actively treated for development.
Second, breast adenosis (breast ductal dilatation, stage II breast hyperplasia): is the further development of early breast hyperplasia, from lobular hyperplasia to mammary duct dilatation, known as breast adenosis, mostly in 30-45 years old, severe symptoms It belongs to stage II of breast hyperplasia. It is easy to attract attention, and it is often difficult to cure. The long-term cure will cause mental depression and lead to increased symptoms. Seriously leading to endocrine disorders, the body has a series of disease symptoms, such as irregular menstruation, insomnia, dreams, dark complexion and other series of reactions.
Third, cystic hyperplasia (breast ductal dilatation with epithelial hyperplasia, stage III breast hyperplasia): is the further development of breast second-stage hyperplasia, mostly occurred in 40-55 years old, the symptoms are very serious, belong to the third stage of breast hyperplasia. The malignant rate of the third stage hyperplasia is above 70%. It is very necessary to actively treat and regularly check. The third stage of breast hyperplasia often brings mental depression and fear to the patient.
Fourth, breast cyst disease (stage IV breast hyperplasia): breast ductal cells and epithelial cells accumulate a large number of death, the formation of cystic mass, cancer rate of more than 90%.
Fifth, breast cancer (V stage breast hyperplasia): more developed from cystic hyperplasia and cysts, the early treatment of breast cancer is only surgery, breast-conserving or not is the choice of surgery. The probability of developing breast cancer in stage I and stage II breast cancer is 1-3%. All patients with breast hyperplasia must be treated promptly and cannot develop during the term.
