Tooth damage
Introduction
Introduction Tooth damage: including enamel, dentin, and pulp damage. Tooth damage is a clinical manifestation of dental trauma, and it is a sharp injury of periodontal tissue, pulp tissue and hard tissue of the tooth caused by various external mechanical forces. The cause of dental trauma is the various mechanical forces that are suddenly added to the teeth. The nature, size, speed and direction of action of external forces create various types of damage. The most common cause of permanent dentition trauma is falling, followed by traffic accidents, violence and sports.
Cause
Cause
Most of the causes of tooth damage are caused by external causes. The cause of dental trauma is the various mechanical forces that are suddenly added to the teeth. The lighter external force only causes light damage of the periodontal tissue. The heavier external force can tear all the periodontal ligament and the teeth are removed from the alveolar socket. The high-speed external force is easy to cause the crown to break, and the low-speed strength is strong. Easy to cause periodontal tissue damage.
1. Direct external force: If it falls, it will cause anterior teeth trauma;
2, indirect external force, such as external impact on the ankle (chin), the lower teeth violently hit the upper teeth, usually causing trauma to the premolars and molars.
The incidence of dental trauma in children is relatively large. This is because children are in the stage of physical, physiological and psychological growth and development, and they are more prone to dental trauma than adults, especially anterior teeth trauma.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Endodontic temperature test (cold and hot diagnosis) Oral endoscopic oral X-ray examination
[clinical manifestations]
1. Tooth damage: including enamel, dentin, and pulp damage.
2. Periodontal cerebral concussion injury.
3. Dislocation of the teeth: including subluxation, total dislocation, and three teeth. A small part of the alveolar process fracture, the tooth is embedded in the alveolar socket. The lips, cheeks, and tongue are dislocated, and the teeth are loose. Complications after dislocation: 1) pulp necrosis; 2) narrowing of the medullary cavity; 3) external absorption of the root.
4. Tooth folding:
1) Crown folding: including complete and incomplete fracture.
2) Root fold: there is pain, looseness, and sulcus bleeding.
3) Crown root fold: can affect the enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp exposure, very sensitive.
[Auxiliary inspection]
If the traumatic tooth is suspected and the maxillary sinus is penetrating or the mandible is fractured, a mandibular or maxillary sinus slice may be taken. Optional CT check if necessary.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Symptoms of tooth damage
Chewing wear of teeth: Wear can be caused during normal chewing, which is called chewing wear.
Enamel Corrosion: The white translucent calcified hard tissue on the outer layer of the crown is corroded and causes damage. When the enamel is worn, it reveals dentin and is pale yellow.
Gingival atrophy: Most adults have periodontal disease. Most periodontal diseases progress slowly. Most of them are gingivitis at the beginning. There are not many symptoms other than occasional brushing, so it is not noticeable. The development of gingivitis to a certain extent is periodontitis. At this time, severe oral odor can occur, the abscess is repeated in the periodontal period, the teeth are loose, the teeth are getting bigger and bigger, and the teeth are getting sparse. If the patient is seen at this stage, the doctor can control the deterioration of inflammation, but the damaged periodontal tissues (including gum atrophy) are irreversible and difficult to recover completely.
