Elevated blood sugar
Introduction
Introduction When fasting (no sugar and any sugary foods in 8 hours), the blood sugar is higher than the normal range, called hyperglycemia, the normal value of fasting blood glucose is 4.0-6.1mmol/L, and the blood glucose is higher than the normal range of 7.8mmol/two hours after meal. L, also known as hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia is not a diagnosis of a disease, but a judgment of blood glucose monitoring results, blood glucose monitoring is a temporary result, high blood sugar is not exactly equal to diabetes.
Cause
Cause
Causes of elevated blood sugar
There are many causes of elevated blood sugar, and the variables are complex. The common causes in clinical are as follows:
(1) Emotional factors: hi, anger, worry, thought, sorrow, fear, and sensation, stimulating adrenaline secretion and blood sugar.
(2) The diet is not adjusted: excessive diet, so that the increase of free glucose in the blood, resulting in elevated blood sugar; inadequate diet (when hunger), promote the serotype of sugar, causing blood sugar.
(3) Various stress reactions: various kinds of hormones against insulin in the body such as strenuous exercise, pain, general anesthesia, trauma, cold, fatigue, etc., such as growth hormone, adrenaline, adrenocortical hormone and pancreatic high Glucosamine secretion increases, accelerates the decomposition of glycogen, and increases blood sugar.
(4) Drug factors: oral hypoglycemic agents (especially sulfonylureas) or excess insulin, causing hyperglycemia after hypoglycemia, that is, Su Mujie reaction. In patients with severe diabetes, after stopping insulin, or the drug dose is insufficient, hyperosmotic diuresis and dehydration are caused by hyperglycemia, blood volume is reduced, and adrenal gland secretion is stimulated, and reactive hyperglycemia is generated.
(5) When the phenomenon of dawn occurs, blood sugar rises.
(6) When insulin resistance is produced, blood sugar rises.
(7) When various infections occur, it can cause blood sugar to rise. Such as a cold, urinary tract infections.
(8) Auxiliary drugs such as rifampic can also increase blood sugar.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Serum glucagon (PG) whole blood glucose Hb blood glucose meter test strip method glucose oxidase biochemical analyzer glucose oxidase electrode membrane method
Check for elevated blood sugar
Common symptoms of hyperglycemia
(1) More urine, dry skin, and dehydration.
(2) Extremely thirsty.
(3) nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort.
(4) Anorexia, weight loss, weakness and weakness.
(5) The heart beats quickly and the breathing is slow and deep.
(6) The blood sugar test value is increased.
(7) The urine sugar test was positive.
Under normal circumstances, blood glucose levels are slightly fluctuating throughout the day. Generally, pre-meal blood sugar is slightly lower, and postprandial blood sugar is slightly higher, but this fluctuation is kept within a certain range.
WHO's diagnostic criteria for hyperglycemia in 1985: fasting blood glucose 7.8mmol / L; postprandial blood glucose 11.1mmol / L.
In 1996, WHO diagnosed high blood sugar: fasting blood glucose 7.0mmol/L; postprandial blood glucose 11.1mmol/L.
The constant change of this standard is because people are trying to find a standard that suits more situations in the process of mass statistics. In other words, these standards are not established for individuals, but rather for a universal adaptability.
In addition to the above diagnostic criteria, the diabetic venous plasma glucose test is a screening test. Through this screening, a larger number of patients with unsatisfactory blood glucose can be included in the observation. It has been reported that when FPG 6.1 mmol/L is used as a screening standard, its specificity is 90% and the sensitivity is 65%-95%.
The incidence of diabetes in China is about 4%, making it the third health killer after cardiovascular and cancer.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
According to the common symptoms of hyperglycemia, fasting blood glucose, venous plasma glucose test. In the blood glucose measurement should pay attention to fasting blood glucose, the time should be within 12 hours; 2 hours after the meal, blood sugar, is calculated from the first meal. Can be diagnosed as diabetes.
Elevated blood sugar is easy to confuse symptoms
Hyperglycemia is a major feature of diabetes, but high blood sugar is not necessarily diabetes. The following conditions can also be expressed as elevated blood sugar, not diabetes:
(1) Liver glycogen stores are reduced when liver disease occurs.
(2) Acute infection, trauma, cerebrovascular accident, burns, myocardial infarction, severe pain, etc. under stress, at this time, insulin antagonism hormone, adrenoceptor hormone, adrenal medulla, growth hormone, etc. increased secretion, insulin Relatively insufficient secretion causes blood sugar to rise.
(3) Hunger and chronic diseases cause physical decline, causing impaired glucose tolerance and raising blood sugar.
(4) taking certain drugs such as glucocorticoids, thiazide diuretics, furosemide, female oral contraceptives, pharyngeal acid, aspirin, indomethacin, etc., can cause transient blood sugar rise.
(5) Some endocrine diseases such as acromegaly, hypercortisolism, hyperthyroidism, etc., can cause secondary diabetes.
(6) Pancreatic diseases, such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic trauma, etc., can become the primary disease of elevated blood sugar.
Blood sugar, the glucose in the blood, is one of the energy sources of the body. The blood glucose levels in normal adults were: fasting blood glucose (FBS): 3.6-6.1 mmol/L (69-109 mg/dl), 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (20 PBS): 3.6-7.7 mmol/L (65-139 mg/dl).
