learning difficulties
Introduction
Introduction Learning difficulties are also called learning disabilities, that is, learning effects under the same educational opportunities are significantly behind those of the same age. There are significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of the ability to listen, speak, read, write, and calculate. The reasons for learning difficulties are still unclear and still in the exploratory stage. It is generally believed to be the result of a combination of multiple factors, both internal and external, with both physical and psychological factors as well as family and other environmental factors. There are both congenital factors and acquired factors. In short, the causes of learning difficulties are multifaceted and the result of the combined effects of internal and external factors.
Cause
Cause
Causes of learning difficulties:
(1) Abnormal brain function
According to modern research, special learning cannot be caused by abnormalities in congenital brain development. In addition, some patients are familial.
Genetic factor
Children's personality and intelligence are affected by heredity, and some students cannot have family tendencies. In addition, certain chromosomal diseases and genetic metabolic diseases are also unrelated to learning. For example, some Ducheme muscular dystrophy, XXY syndrome and XXX syndrome children, although the IQ can be greater than 70 points, but usually have speech disorders, especially reading and spelling function, Turner syndrome children generally normal intelligence, but operational IQ More low, it is difficult to draw people's experiments, mathematical calculations, and distinguish between left and right.
2. Pregnancy factors
Fetal chronic hypoxemia, intrauterine growth retardation, pre-delivery bleeding, pregnancy toxemia, children may grow up with learning hyperactivity learning disorders, distraction, visual-spatial disorders. Infection, physical and chemical factors, especially alcohol, tobacco and other addictive drugs during pregnancy can cause children to learn.
3. Disease
When children are suffering from malnutrition in the early stage, they may cause defects in recognition and attention. Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, etc. will reduce the children's academic performance, memory, visual-spatial motor function, hands-on ability and hand-eye coordination. .
(two) drugs
Barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants, samovar, phenytoin, diazepam, and chlordiazepoxide may cause hyperactivity. Commonly used food additives and colorants tartrazine can cause hyperactivity. Passive smoking is considered a cause of hyperactivity, poor academic performance and certain physical problems.
(3) Psychological factors
Parents and schools are too high or contradictory to children to cause psychological conflicts in children. Children's nervousness in learning, fear of failure, and compulsive desire to complete their studies can cause children to be psychologically anxious, nervous, retarded, and uninterested. Various psychological factors can undermine children's active learning attempts, affecting selective attention, memory and cognitive activities, thus incurring learning problems.
(4) Environmental factors
Parents are indifferent to children's learning, or because of temporary bad academic performance, discrimination, snoring, or gender discrimination, or parental alcoholism, family friction, parental divorce, or other bad examples of parents can cause hyperactivity and inattention in children. , low mood and lack of security. The educational level of parents and their educational methods for their children also directly affect the mental state of children. Many of the above factors affect the development of children's learning potential, which leads to learning problems.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
EEG examination
Examination and diagnosis of learning difficulties
Learning disabilities refer to significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, and computing. Learning disabilities may be accompanied by other obstacles, such as sensory impairments, mental deficiencies, emotional distress, or environmental factors, such as inadequate cultural stimulation and obstacles caused by improper teaching, but not directly caused by the aforementioned conditions. Learning disabilities usually include developmental learning disabilities and academic learning disabilities, such as attention deficits, sensory deficits, visual coordination deficiencies, and memory deficits, such as reading disabilities, writing disabilities, and mathematical barriers.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Learning difficulties and confusing symptoms:
(1) Mental retardation: generally through medical history, intelligence test (intellectual quotient).
(2) Children with hyperactivity syndrome: children with hyperactivity syndrome are generally normal in intelligence and may not have good academic performance. Therefore, the two need to be identified, according to the child's academic performance, the order of symptoms, the mental stimulant (if necessary) to improve the attention and academic performance. Sometimes both diseases coexist and should be diagnosed at the same time.
(3) Learning problems caused by children's character, mood and environment: mainly based on medical history, the occurrence of symptoms and psychological tests, and related treatments (such as tricyclic antidepressants given to children with depression, environmental improvement when the environment is unfavorable, etc.) The response, etc. are identified.
