Thoracic deformity
Introduction
Introduction The deformity of the sternum forward bulge. After the incidence of funnel chest, it is the second most common disease in chest wall malformation. Most scholars believe that the ribs and costal cartilage are overgrowth, and the sternum deformity is secondary to rib deformity. As genetically related to the funnel chest, these are two common thoracic deformities.
Cause
Cause
Causes of thoracic deformity
1. Congenital dysplasia. During the fetus or infant, the development of the sternum and vertebrae and ribs is unbalanced, causing a deformity of the thorax.
2. Malnutrition. After birth, infants and young children do not get enough nutrition, and suffer from certain malnutrition diseases, such as rickets in children, which can affect the development of the sternum and so on, resulting in thoracic deformity.
3. A disease secondary to the chest. For some congenital heart diseases, the enlarged heart compresses the chest wall and forms a chicken thoracic deformity. Flat thoracic deformity caused by chronic empyema.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter monitoring) chest MRI chest radiograph
(1) X-ray: The chest X-ray shows that the lower part of the sternum and the adjacent costal cartilage are obviously sunken, and the distance between the spine and the sternum is increased. X-ray of the spine to observe the presence or absence of lateral curvature of the spine.
(2) CT scan: CT scan can more accurately evaluate the extent, symmetry, heart and lung effects of chicken breast and other problems. Such as combined with cystic adenomatoid malformation, isolation of the lungs, sputum swelling and so on.
(3) Electrocardiogram: occasionally sinus arrhythmia, incomplete right bundle branch block.
(4) Heart and lung function tests: Cardiopulmonary function declines in extremely severe cases.
(5) Blood biochemistry: Some patients have mild anemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Thoracic deformity confusing symptoms
Thoracic collapse: One side of the thoracic collapse can be caused by empyema or pleurisy, extensive pleural thickening adhesions and contractions, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic fibrotic tuberculosis, chronic lung suppuration and other diseases. The clinical manifestations vary with the primary disease. The trachea moves to the affected side, the thoracic contour of the affected side becomes smaller, and the common scoliosis of the spine is common.
The thoracic stenosis and flatness: juvenile vertebral osteochondrosis, hunchback as the main symptom, with spinal rigidity. The neck often flexes, the shoulders are drooping, the thoracic cage is narrow and flat, and the shoulder blades are prominent.
Thoracic dysplasia syndrome: refers to the chest can not support normal breathing and lung growth. TIS is a collective term for a class of syndromes. Most of these diseases are congenital diseases, and there are multiple system malformations. The most common are congenital scoliosis and congenital lateral kyphosis. Patients with congenital spinal deformity usually have ribs and ribs. Absence of thoracic developmental malformations. TIS can be divided into four types: type I is rib absent and scoliosis, type II is rib fusion and scoliosis, type IIIa is a small chest, and type IIIb is a narrow thorax.
Children's thoracic deformation: snoring during sleep makes the airway narrow, respiratory resistance increases, so it will forcefully inhale and pull the thorax. At this time, the child is in the stage of growth and development, and the bones are relatively soft, which may easily lead to deformation of the thorax in the long run.
Thoracic abnormality: If the size of the thorax is found during examination, the shape changes obviously, and the normal state is lost. The thoracic symmetry or asymmetrical morphological change is the thoracic abnormality. Because of the different degree of deformation of the various structures of the thoracic structure, various forms are formed. Abnormal chest. Smaller thorax can be considered congenital thoracic deformity, long-term bedridden patients, rickets and hypertrophic adenoid hyperplasia; chest enlargement is mostly barrel chest, seen in chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and the elderly and Obese body shape; changes in the shape of the thorax can be various, such as flat chest, barrel chest, chicken breast, funnel chest, unilateral or localized deformation of the thorax.
The chicken breast is a wedge-shaped convex shape on the chest wall, such as the sternum of a bird. The funnel chest is a concave deformity of the chest wall.
