bradycardia
Introduction
Introduction The number of heartbeats in normal people is 60-100 beats/min. Less than 60 is called bradycardia. There are several types of bradycardia, the most common being sinus bradycardia. Sinus bradycardia can be divided into pathological and physiological. Physiological sinus bradycardia is a normal phenomenon. The general heart rate and pulse rate are 50-60 beats/min. The athlete may have 40 heart rate. Without treatment, it is common in normal people who sleep and have more physical activity. Heart rate or pulse is less than 50 times. Most of them are pathological and require treatment. In severe cases, a pacemaker should be installed to speed up the heart rate.
Cause
Cause
It can be caused by a physiological, systemic, drug or cardiovascular disease.
A: Physiological: Normal people, especially those who have participated in physical exercise for a long time or strong physical workers, may have sinus bradycardia. Sleep and fear can also cause temporary bradycardia. Another method of oppression of the eye, pressing the carotid sinus, vomiting, vasopressive syncope, etc., can cause sinus bradycardia.
Second: systemic diseases: influenza, typhoid, hypothyroidism, diphtheria recovery, obstructive jaundice, increased intracranial pressure, certain infections such as leptospirosis, infectious mononucleosis, pituitary dysfunction, Hyperkalemia, alkalosis, esophageal diverticulum, depression, can cause sinus bradycardia.
Three: drug: some drugs like -blockers, reserpine, lidocaine, amiodarone, guanethidine, morphine, digitalis, quinidine, verapamil, neostigs Ming, anesthetics, etc., can cause sinus bradycardia.
Four: Cardiovascular disease: acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis invaded the sinoatrial node, chronic ischemic heart disease, sinus node inflammation, sinus node arterial thrombosis, dilatation, inflammation, some Some cardiomyopathy such as amyloidosis, tetralogy of Faro's disease or large vessel dislocation, microbes involving the heart, bleeding into the sinus node, familial sinus bradycardia, involving the central nervous system of the cardiac depression or accelerating center Diseases, etc. can cause bradycardia.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Electrocardiogram dynamic electrocardiogram (Holter monitoring) 64-slice spiral CT examination
1. For people who have no heart discomfort, the pulse is 50-60 beats/min. This sinus bradycardia is mostly physiological, which is normal. Don't worry about affecting health and treatment.
2. For those who are uncomfortable with the heart, pay attention to the number of pulses when you are calm, and then the number of pulses when the heart is uncomfortable. If the pulse rate is less than usual during each uncomfortable period, it means that your discomfort is Caused by bradycardia, need treatment, in severe cases, a pacemaker should be installed to speed up the heart rate. You can also check the 24-hour ECG first to see how slow the heart rate is. If the heart's speed is not related to heart discomfort, the pulse is 50 to 60 beats / min, which means no bradycardia, but other tests are needed to confirm whether you have heart disease.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Arrhythmia: It is a pathological phenomenon that causes heartbeat abnormalities due to heart disease. It occurs mostly in children, youth and the elderly, and middle-aged people are less common. The mechanism of respiratory sinus arrhythmia is due to the changes in the tension of the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve in the process of breathing, and the periodicity and regularity of the sinus node self-discipline. When inhaling, the sympathetic tone is increased, the heart rate is increased, the vagus nerve tension is increased during exhalation, and the heart rate is slowed down. The cycle of heart rate changes is exactly equal to one breathing cycle, and the heart rhythm changes to regularity when the breathing is stopped.
Increased heart rate: People of different ages have different heart rates. The younger the age, the faster the heart rate. If the heart rate exceeds the normal range, it is called the heart rate is too fast. Parents generally know that normal people will have a faster heart rate after exercise or physical labor. This is also true of children, especially when they are scared or crying.
Extreme heart rate: The rate of adult sinus node impulse formation exceeds 100 beats per minute, called heart rate, and the rate is often between 101-160 beats per minute. When the heart rate starts and ends quickly, its heart rate gradually increases and slows down.
Sinus fetal heart rate: The fetal heart rate is sinusoidal Fetal Heart Rate (SFHR). The diagnostic criteria of SFHR: (1) The fetal heart rate baseline was stable at 120-160 beats/min, with regular fluctuations. (2) The amplitude is 5~15 times/min. (3) Frequency 2~5 cycles/mino (4) Short-term variation is fixed or flat. (5) The sinusoidal wave fluctuates above and below the baseline. (6) There is no normal fetal heart rate variability or reaction. (7) lasts for more than 10 minutes.
