calf muscle atrophy
Introduction
Introduction Calf muscle atrophy refers to calf muscle atrophy refers to dystrophic striated muscle, muscle volume is reduced compared to normal, muscle fibers become thinner or even disappear. The emergence of leg muscle atrophy can cause damage to peripheral nerves, such as spinal nerve tears, contusions, nerve constriction compression nerve electric injury, compression of brachial plexus, radiation injury and burns. This is one of the hazards of calf muscle atrophy.
Cause
Cause
There are two main causes of muscular dystrophy, one is that because of lack of exercise or little exercise, the muscles are rarely contracted, and then degenerate; the other is because malnutrition causes the muscle tissue proteins to be decomposed and cause atrophy.
There are two main reasons for causing the first type. One is to stay in bed after injury, the muscles rest for a long time, and there is no proper amount of contraction movement; the other is that the nerve damage causes the muscles to fail to contract.
The second cause is generally caused by insufficient nutrient intake or imbalance of nutrient structure, resulting in insufficient supply of protein in the body, causing atrophy.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Muscle tone examination electromyogram parathyroid hormone
First, medical history
For muscle atrophy, attention should be paid to the age-occurring site, the length of onset, the length of the disease, etc.; acute onset or chronic onset, is gradually progressing or rapid development, with or without feeling, is it limited or systemic, and how is muscle strength? The relationship between muscle weakness and muscle atrophy. Whether there is muscle excitement or pain activity is a history of aggravation or relief, should pay attention to whether there is a systemic disease. Such as malignant tumor connective tissue disease, wasting disease, diabetic uremia, trauma, drinking, disc herniation, myelitis, optic neuritis, history of drug application and history of poisoning, etc., have a special hereditary family history, etc., pay attention to infection history and prevention History of vaccination.
Second, physical examination
1, pay attention to muscle volume and appearance
The diagnosis of clinical muscle atrophy should be compared on both sides, that is, the degree of distribution of muscle atrophy is compared with the bilateral symmetrical parts to see whether there is fasciculation.
2, muscle strength and muscle tension
Muscle atrophy is often accompanied by low muscle strength, so you should pay attention to muscle volume and muscle strength. Pay attention to the muscle tension of the muscle atrophy site. The examination should be carried out in a warm environment and a comfortable posture. The patient should be relaxed as much as possible, and muscle relaxation can be judged by measuring the stiffness of the muscle and the resistance felt when the patient flexes and flexes the limb. In passive exercise, the resistance is reduced or disappeared, and the range of motion of the joint is enlarged, which is more common in motor neuron lesions and certain myopathy such as disuse muscle atrophy.
3, accompanied by muscle atrophy
Such as the deformation of bones and joints, skin symptoms along the nerves, whether there is tenderness and mass, etc., pay attention to the presence or absence of sensory disturbances, and the distribution range and nature of sensory disturbances, such as deep sensory disturbance or complex sensory disturbance separation, etc., atrophic muscles Spontaneous pain and tenderness, etc.
4, pay attention to the presence or absence of systemic diseases
Such as tumors, diabetes, malignant lesions and so on.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
(1) Muscle atrophy caused by systemic dystrophies, muscle degeneration caused by abnormal endocrine, and abnormal muscle structure.
(2) Muscle atrophy caused by genetics, poisoning, metabolic abnormalities, infections, allergies, etc., the clinical significance of this classification is not large, because the cause is difficult to be clear.
(3) diffuse muscle atrophy throughout the body.
(4) Head and face muscle atrophy.
(5) Muscle atrophy in the head and upper limbs or upper and lower limbs.
(6) Muscle atrophy at the distal extremities.
(7) Limit muscle atrophy.
(8) Neurogenic muscle atrophy.
(9) Myogenic muscle atrophy.
(10) Disuse of muscle atrophy. Neurogenic muscle atrophy mainly refers to the lesions of the lower motor neurons such as the anterior horn cells and peripheral nerves of the spinal cord, and belongs to the primary neurogenic muscle atrophy. The three were related to each other, and the upper motor neuron lesions also showed muscle atrophy. Some people listed it as secondary, and the late stage was disuse atrophy. Myogenic muscle atrophy is caused by the muscle itself. Disuse muscle atrophy can still be mailed to systemic wasting diseases.
diagnosis:
1. Diagnosis based on medical history.
2, physical examination
Pay attention to muscle volume and appearance: the diagnosis of clinical muscle atrophy should be compared on both sides, that is, the extent of the distribution of muscle atrophy is compared with the bilateral symmetrical parts to see whether there is fasciculation.
Muscle strength and muscle tension: Muscle atrophy is associated with low muscle strength, so you should pay attention to muscle volume and muscle strength. Pay attention to the muscle tension of muscle atrophy. Check the warm environment and comfortable position. The patient should be relaxed as much as possible, and muscle relaxation can be judged by measuring the stiffness of the muscle and the resistance felt when the patient flexes and flexes the limb. In passive exercise, the resistance is reduced or disappeared, and the range of motion of the joint is enlarged, which is more common in motor neuron lesions and certain myopathy such as disuse muscle atrophy.
Symptoms of muscular atrophy: such as deformation of bones and joints, skin symptoms along the nerves with or without tenderness and mass, attention to the presence or absence of sensory disturbances, and the distribution and nature of sensory disturbances, such as deep sensory disturbance or complex sensory disturbance Separation, etc., atrophic muscles with or without spontaneous pain and tenderness.
Pay attention to the presence or absence of systemic diseases: such as tumors, diabetes, malignant lesions, etc.
