damage to the hypothalamus
Introduction
Introduction The hypothalamus is also called the lower part of the thalamus. Located on the ventral surface of the brain and below the thalamus, it is the higher-level nerve center that regulates visceral activity and endocrine activity. The hypothalamus is usually divided into three regions from front to back: the upper part is located above the optic chiasm, consisting of the supra-nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus; the nodule is located behind the funnel; the nipple is located in the nipple. The hypothalamus is located below the hypothalamic hook and forms the lower wall of the third ventricle. The boundary is not well defined, and the downward extension is connected to the pituitary stalk. Although the area of the hypothalamus is small, it receives many nerve impulses and is therefore the center of the endocrine system and nervous system. They regulate anterior pituitary function, synthesize neurohypophyseal hormones, and control autonomic and autonomic functions. Hypothalamic damage: a series of symptoms caused by hypothalamic damage caused by various reasons, mainly endocrine and metabolic disorders, accompanied by autonomic nervous system dysfunction syndrome, including sleep, body temperature, eating, sexual dysfunction, diabetes insipidus, spirit Abnormal, etc.
Cause
Cause
1. Infectious diseases: encephalitis caused by vaccination such as viral encephalitis, epidemic encephalitis, tuberculous purulent meningitis, smallpox, and measles.
2. Tumor: chromoblastoma, acidophilic or basophilic tumor, plasmacytoma and the like.
3. Granulomatous lesions: reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia, sarcoidosis, tuberculoma, etc.
4. Congenital or genetic factors: such as kallmann syndrome, there may be reproductive dysplasia, young children's penis, testicular dysplasia.
5. Degenerative lesions: tuberous sclerosis, brain sclerosis, gliosis and so on.
6. Vascular damage: cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral aneurysms, systemic lupus erythematosus.
7. Physical factors: brain trauma, surgical removal of pituitary stalk, radiotherapy-induced radioactive necrosis.
8. Brain metabolic diseases: CO2 anesthesia, acute intersexual hemophilic porphyria.
9. Drug effects: chlorpromazine, blood and blood equality.
10. Functional disorders: impotence due to environmental changes and trauma.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Brain Doppler Ultrasound (TCD) EEG
There are many causes of hypothalamic syndrome. Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose. It is necessary to ask the medical history in detail and comprehensively analyze the results of each examination. In addition to the diagnosis of this disease, the cause should be further investigated. Commonly used tests:
1 measured hypothalamic release hormone levels;
2 measurement of pituitary and target gland endocrine hormones under water and TRH, LRH stimulation test and insulin tolerance test;
3 cerebrospinal fluid examination;
4 EEG;
5X line head plain film, cerebral angiography, head CT and MRI.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Hypothalamic damage caused by different causes should be identified.
There are many causes of hypothalamic syndrome. Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose. It is necessary to ask the medical history in detail and comprehensively analyze the results of each examination. In addition to the diagnosis of this disease, the cause should be further investigated. Commonly used tests:
1 measured hypothalamic release hormone levels;
2 measurement of pituitary and target gland endocrine hormones under water and TRH, LRH stimulation test and insulin tolerance test;
3 cerebrospinal fluid examination;
4 EEG;
5X line head plain film, cerebral angiography, head CT and MRI.
