acute anemia
Introduction
Introduction Acute anemia refers to the rapid decline of red blood cell content in the blood in a short period of time, which is greatly lower than the normal value. At the same time, the amount of hemoglobin is greatly reduced, which is much lower than the normal value, which can not meet the needs of the body for blood and oxygen, and can cause the body to shock. Severe symptoms. Acute traumatic hemorrhage, hemorrhage caused by congenital or secondary coagulopathy, and acute hemolysis. Various types of trauma and bleeding during surgery. The internal organs, especially the rupture of organs such as the spleen and liver.
Cause
Cause
Acute traumatic hemorrhage, hemorrhage caused by congenital or secondary coagulopathy, and acute hemolysis.
1. Bleeding in various traumas and surgical operations.
2, esophageal or gastric fundus rupture, stomach or duodenal ulcer and other diseases caused by gastrointestinal bleeding.
3, ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa or various obstetrics and gynecology bleeding during childbirth.
4, internal organs, especially the rupture of organs such as the spleen and liver.
5, a large number of lung or bronchial hemoptysis.
6, sudden inflammation caused by inflammation, tumors and other erosion of the blood vessel wall.
7, various hemostasis mechanisms are defective, especially hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, bleeding in platelet dysfunction.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Peripheral blood vessel blood routine
1. Carefully ask the relevant medical history and collect relevant clinical data.
2, close examination of the patient, clearly understand the clinical symptoms of the patient, the patient may immediately appear pale, shock and other symptoms.
3, immediately acute blood routine examination, the test results compared with the normal value, found that the amount of red blood cells and hemoglobin is much lower than the normal value can be initially diagnosed as acute anemia.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Acute anemia symptoms need to be differentiated from the following symptoms:
First, acute blood loss: Most healthy people rarely cause symptoms when the blood loss is less than 500ml in a short time. If the blood loss is up to 1000ml, there will be mild cardiovascular symptoms after a little activity. Others may have vasovagal reactions, manifested as dizziness, fatigue, sweating, nausea, slow heart rhythm and decreased blood pressure or brief fainting. When the blood loss reaches 1500-2000ml, there is a loss of consciousness such as thirst, nausea, shortness of breath, dizziness and even short-term, blood pressure, central venous pressure and cardiac output will decrease, and urine output will decrease. If the blood loss reaches 2500ml, it can cause shock or even death. If the patient has chronic disease, infection, malnutrition, or has anemia, and the amount of blood loss is less than the above, it can also cause shock or death. In addition to acute massive blood loss and injury, first consider the digestive tract diseases, such as stomach, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, esophageal varices, liver cancer rupture or intestinal typhoid bleeding; followed by gynecological diseases, such as ectopic pregnancy, Placenta previa, etc.; or blood diseases such as hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, acute leukemia and aplastic anemia. It should be focused on the relevant medical history, physical examination and necessary auxiliary examinations to confirm. After acute hemorrhage, blood cells will have a slight increase in white blood cells, platelets and reticulocytes. Treatment should aim at the basic cause of blood loss and stop bleeding as soon as possible. Enter whole blood, plasma or dextran to supplement blood volume. Take care to prevent or correct shock.
2. Acute hemolytic anemia: Acute hemolytic anemia refers to anemia that occurs when a large number of red blood cells are destroyed in a short period of time and the bone marrow hematopoietic function is insufficiently compensated. The degree of anemia is sometimes very serious. In addition to tissue and organ hypoxia caused by anemia, a large number of fragments of red blood cell destruction can cause damage to organs such as heart, lung and kidney, coagulation mechanism and antibody antigen reaction, which can be life-threatening in severe cases.
