vitamin D deficiency
Introduction
Introduction The occurrence of vitamin D deficiency is not only related to the supply of vitamin D in food, but also to the calcium, phosphorus content, proportion and other ingredients of food. Therefore, the treatment should make full use of ultraviolet light and vitamin D-rich foods, and properly supplement calcium-rich, phosphorus-rich foods, which have positive effects on rickets and osteomalacia, but the most important treatment for vitamin D deficiency is still Use a vitamin D preparation.
Cause
Cause
Insufficient sun exposure, improper feeding, lack of foods rich in D is the main cause of rickets in infants and young children, especially premature babies, multiple fetuses, due to congenital deficiency, liver function is imperfect, vitamin D and calcium and phosphorus storage are small, It grows more rapidly after birth and is more prone to vitamin D deficiency. There are fewer outdoor activities for the elderly, and the control of animal foods and various diseases are important causes of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Vitamin D (VitD) Vitamin D
Liquid biochemical examination: blood calcium can be normal or low during the active period of rickets and osteomalacia [normal 2.2 ~ 2.7mmol / L (9 ~ 11mg / dl)]; blood phosphorus decreased [adult normal 0.9 ~ 1.3mmol / L (2.8 ~) 4mg/dl), normal for children 1.31.9mmol/L (46mg/dl)], calcium and phosphorus product <30 (normal 40). Increased blood alkaline phosphatase (normal 15 ~ 30 gold units), this method is commonly used to diagnose rickets, but lacks specificity, and is greatly affected by liver disease. In recent years, bone alkaline phosphatase assay has been advocated, and the normal reference value is 200 g/L. The alkaline phosphatase in serum is mainly composed of bone alkaline phosphatase, which is secreted by osteoblasts. When vitamin D is deficient, the cells are active, and serum alkaline phosphatase is elevated. The degree of elevation is closely related to the severity of rickets. High sensitivity to early diagnosis of rickets
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Renal rickets (renalrickets) cause renal dysfunction caused by congenital renal hypoplasia, chronic nephritis, etc., causing skeletal deformities. Although blood calcium is low, it rarely causes hand and foot spasms.
The clinical manifestations of renal tubular acidosis are mainly hypokalemia and rickets, and renal calcification or kidney stones may occur.
Fanconi syndrome is characterized by amino aciduria, renal diabetes, increased urinary phosphorus, hypophosphatemia, stunting, and severe rickets.
Others should be differentiated from weak and sweaty, mild hydrocephalus, mental retardation caused by various causes, slow development of movement, cretinism (back bone age) and cartilage malnutrition (hereditary diseases) .
Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children, infantile hand and foot rickets and osteomalacia in adults, and is one of the causes of osteoporosis in the elderly. These symptoms can be diagnosed.
