Vitamin B deficiency
Introduction
Introduction Vitamin B is a group of various water-soluble vitamins, including vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid and the like. If you do not get enough for a long time, you may be deficient. These B vitamins are indispensable substances that promote metabolism in the body and convert sugar, fat, protein, etc. into heat. In the absence of vitamin B, cell function is immediately reduced, causing metabolic disorders, when the body becomes stagnant and loss of appetite. On the contrary, excessive drinking causes liver damage, and in many cases is parallel with vitamin B deficiency.
Cause
Cause
Reasons for vitamin B deficiency:
insufficient intake
People who are partial eclipse, dieters, picky eaters, and people who eat out often may be deficient in B vitamins because of the lack of food containing B vitamins, which needs to be properly supplemented under the guidance of a doctor.
Increase in demand
In some special circumstances, they may be due to the increase in the B vitamins required by the body, resulting in the lack of B vitamins, such as pregnant women, high fever, workers under high temperature conditions, sick people, long-term alcoholics Wait. Among them, it is worth mentioning that people who have been drinking for a long time, according to research, because of the normal metabolism of alcohol in the body, must rely on a sufficient amount of B vitamins to participate, therefore, long-term heavy drinking will cause insufficient supply of B vitamins in the body.
Obese people need to lose weight by "control diet, increase exercise", which makes them may have a lack of B vitamins on the one hand because of the overall intake of food; on the other hand, the body may have B vitamins because of increased exercise. The increase in demand increases the lack of B vitamins. In addition, people who are nervous because of work pressure, such as "Five-night 9" (5 am to work at 9:00 in the morning), "flying trapeze" (often long-time passengers), and post-operative spirit People who are nervous can supplement vitamin B supplements under the guidance of a doctor to improve and regulate their mental state.
improper processing and cooking methods
Adding alkali to the food, cooking for too long, placing the vegetables in the sun, processing the rice too finely, and excessively scouring the rice during cooking may cause the destruction of the B vitamins, resulting in a deficiency of the body B vitamins. .
Gastrointestinal disorders
Patients with diarrhea and liver disease may also have a deficiency of B vitamins and need to be supplemented appropriately.
The supplementary principle is: 1 should be supplemented under the guidance of the physician; 2 supplemented according to the recommended dosage of the multivitamin B tablets, and the dose should not be expanded at will.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Detection of niacin (Niacin) in trace elements in human body
Diagnosis of vitamin B deficiency
Diagnosis: Head: headache; insomnia; restlessness; irritability; forgetfulness; vitamin B forms brain cells, releases brain energy. Hair falls off, thank you top. The hair is white. Eyes: It will shed tears, photophobia, itchy eyes, burning and congestion. Cataract is severely deficient. Skin: rosacea; cheeks turn red; congestion; children see bloodshot eyes; eczema; long pox; allergies; long spotted mouth: bad breath; tongue hypertrophy; edema; inadvertently bite your tongue; Sore throat (tonsitis); easy to infect when pantothenic acid is lacking; cracked tongue, severely like a map; angular cheilitis, stomatitis. Stomach: constipation; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; dyspepsia liver: bilirubin can prevent cirrhosis; alcohol abusers take a lot of choline and methionine, which has obvious effects on liver damage. Vitamin B can break down alcohol in the kidneys: When choline is lacking, kidney damage can easily lead to elevated blood pressure in kidney inflammation; kidney disease; kidney stones and diabetes are caused by vitamin B6 deficiency.
Female: Irregular menstrual pain in women; vaginitis heart: When vitamin B is severely deficient, all cells are also damaged. The first thing that has abnormal symptoms is the heart. When vitamin B is deficient, the heart is abnormal, the heartbeat slows, becomes faster, and expands. .
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of vitamin B deficiency:
The symptoms that are lacking with water-soluble vitamins (B vitamins and vitamin C) are different from diseases.
Vitamin A
1. Vitamin A is a substance that senses weak light in visual cells - a component of rhodopsin
The visual pigment is composed of 11-cis retinal and different opsin in the visual cells. In the cone-shaped cells that feel strong light, there are red, opal, and blue, and the rod-shaped cells have rhodopsin that feel weak light or dark light. When rhodopsin is sensitive, 11-cis retinoic acid in the visual pigment is converted into all-trans retinal under the photoisomerism that occurs, and is separated from opsin and eclipsed. All-trans retinal can be slowly re-isomerized into 11-cis-retinal via isomerase, but most of it is reduced to all-trans retinol, which flows through the bloodstream to the liver to become 11-cis retinol, and then Then, the blood is returned to the retina and oxidized to 11-cis retinal to synthesize the visual pigment. In this visual cycle, some of the all-trans retinal is decomposed into useless substances, so vitamin A should be added frequently. The photoreceptor process of other visual pigments is the same as rhodopsin.
In the absence of vitamin A, it will inevitably cause insufficient supplementation of 11-cis retinoic acid, decrease in rhodopsin synthesis, decrease sensitivity to low light, and weaken sunlight adaptability. In severe cases, "night blindness" will occur.
2. Vitamin A is also a substance necessary to maintain the structure and function of epithelial tissues.
When vitamin A is deficient, it can cause dryness, hyperplasia and keratinization of epithelial tissue, resulting in dry eye disease, dry skin, hair loss and the like.
3. Other effects Vitamin A can promote the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins and nucleic acids, thus promoting the growth of the body.
Vitamin D
The target cells of the biologically active 1,25-(OH)2-D3 are the small intestinal mucosa, the kidney and the renal tubules. The main role is to promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which is conducive to bone formation and calcification. In the absence of vitamin D, children can develop rickets, and adults cause rickets.
Vitamin E
1. Vitamin E is the most important antioxidant in the body, can avoid the production of lipid peroxide, and protect the structure and function of biofilm. Free radicals in the body have strong oxidizing properties, such as superoxide anion radicals (O2-), peroxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals (etc. Vitamin E acts to capture free radicals to form tocopherol free radicals, tocopherol free The base can be further reacted with another radical to form a non-radical product, fertility.
Selenium is an essential factor in glutathione peroxidase and is generally considered to be the second line of defense against peroxidation. Vitamin E and selenium work synergistically in this antioxidant process.
2. Vitamin E is commonly known as tocopherol. When animals lack vitamin E, their reproductive organs are impaired or even infertile, but humans have not found infertility caused by vitamin E deficiency. Vitamin E is commonly used clinically to treat threatened abortion and habitual abortion.
3. Promote heme metabolism. Neonatal deficiency of vitamin E can cause anemia, which may be related to decreased hemoglobin synthesis and shortened red blood cell life. Therefore, pregnant women, lactating women and newborns should pay attention to vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E is generally not easy to be deficient, and can cause deficiency in certain diseases such as fat malabsorption. It is manifested by a decrease in the number of red blood cells, a shortened life span, an increase in erythrocyte fragility such as anemia in vitro, and occasionally a neurological disorder.
Vitamin K
The main biochemical role of vitamin K is to maintain the normal levels of Factor II, IX, and X in the body. The conversion of these coagulation factors from inactive to active requires that the 10 glutamic acid residues (Glu) of the precursor be carboxylated to become gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). Gla has a strong ability to bind Ca2+, thus transforming it into an active form. The catalyzed reaction is gamma-carboxylase, and vitamin K is a cofactor for the enzyme. The daily vitamin K requirement for adults is 60-80 g, because vitamin K is widely distributed in animals and plants, and bacteria in the intestinal tract can also be synthesized, which is generally not easy to lack. However, because vitamin K can't pass through the placenta, there is no bacteria in the intestine after birth, so newborns may cause vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K in normal children's blood may also be slightly lower, but eating can restore it to normal. The main symptom of vitamin K deficiency is prolonged clotting time. Long-term use of antibiotics and enteric sterilization can also cause vitamin K deficiency.
