The head grows upward in a tower shape
Introduction
Introduction The base of the skull is depressed, the eyelids become shallow, the eyeballs are prominent, and the paranasal sinus is poorly developed. Because the brain tissue extends in the vertical direction, the upper and lower diameters of the skull increase, the anteroposterior diameter becomes shorter, and the anterior cranial fossa can be shortened to 1.5 cm. Small, sacral fissure and short-brain back pressure traces significantly increased the delay of the sacral sac. The orthodontic frontal or posterior rotation of the frontal bone causes the frontal bone and the nasal ridge to form a line, and the frontal nose disappears. A typical case is the cranial apex. The posterior frontal rotation is the main cause of head deformity. It is worth noting that the deafness does not show significant clinical manifestations before the age of 2 to 3 years. This is because many cases have normal skulls at 1 year of age, and typical teratomas occur at 4 years of age. True pointed deformity with hand or foot and finger toe deformity, known as Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Fatty cartilage hypoplasia manifests as achondroplasia, optic atrophy, wide head and flat nose, thick lips, also belong to the type of pointed deformity, common in infants and young children, short arms and lower limbs with mental retardation, visual impairment The cornea has lipid deposits.
Cause
Cause
So far, the cause of cranial stenosis is unknown, and there is no satisfactory explanation. Some scholars have found that cranial stenosis is familial, so it is believed that cranial stenosis and hereditary-related lesions are mostly concentrated in the coronal suture or multiple sutures. Some scholars have unknown reasons. The cranial suture ossification that occurs at birth is called primary narrow cranial disease, and the early ossification of the cranial suture secondary to other diseases of the body is called secondary narrow cranial disease. Early cranial ossification of patients with cretinism who overuse thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
As early as 1975, Cohen and Converse et al. in 1976 elaborated on the cause of the narrow cranial disease. It is considered that cranial stenosis is a congenital malformation. However, its etiology is still unclear. It may be related to the development of embryonic mesodermal developmental disorders, or it may be due to the occurrence of heterotopic ossification center in the capsular tissue. There are several genetic factors associated with the lack of certain matrices in the embryo. Individual cases may be due to vitamin D deficiency and hyperthyroidism. Park and Power have proposed that the basic cause is the growth of the skull interstitial bundle, resulting in reduced skull and premature ossification of the suture.
The starting point of ossification of the cranial suture and how the ossification spreads, the corresponding cranial sacral cranial suture and the role of the dura mater are not well understood. The development of the skull base plays a leading role in the pathogenesis of the narrow cranial disease with facial deformity changes.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Brain CT examination EEG examination
For patients with typical cranial malformations, the diagnosis is not difficult. However, when the head is deformed after birth, it is often misdiagnosed as a result of childbirth. If the head deformation does not disappear after a certain period of time after birth, a cranial X-ray examination should be performed. Mainly manifested as increased density of the skull suture, calcium deposition, and sometimes increased signs of increased cerebral gyrus, post-bed decalcification and other signs of increased intracranial pressure.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Cranial stenosis mainly needs to be differentiated from small head disease. Microcephaly is a microcephaly caused by primary brain development disorder and the head does not increase. It is not cranial suture and early closure, which limits the development of brain tissue. The cranial suture is also closed, which is secondary to cranial closure. Patients often do not have increased intracranial pressure, mental and mental developmental disorders are more obvious X-ray examination of the density of the suture can be normal or no brain back pressure traces and other signs of intracranial hypertension.
