shrug and gasp
Introduction
Introduction Symptoms of asthma attacks, wheezing accompanied by shrugging movements. Bronchial asthma (abbreviation: asthma) is a common and frequently-occurring disease. The well-known and very popular famous singer Teresa Teng has been killed by asthma. With recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness or cough, and more related to contact with allergens, cold air, physical, chemical stimuli, viral upper respiratory tract infections, exercise and so on. At present, there are about 300 million asthma patients worldwide and about 30 million asthma patients in China. Asthma is an important disease that affects people's physical and mental health.
Cause
Cause
(1) Genetic factors: Many survey data show that the prevalence of relatives of asthma patients is higher than the prevalence of the population, and the closer the relationship is, the higher the prevalence rate; the more serious the patient's condition, the higher the prevalence of relatives. At present, the genes related to asthma are not completely clear, but studies have shown that multiple sites of genes are associated with allergic diseases. These genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
(2) Promoting factors: Environmental factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. There are many related predisposing factors, including inhaled antigens (such as: dust mites, pollen, fungi, animal dander, etc.) and various non-specific inhalants (such as: sulfur dioxide, paint, ammonia, etc.); infection (such as viruses, Respiratory infections caused by bacteria, mycoplasma or chlamydia; food antigens (such as fish, shrimps, crabs, eggs, milk, etc.); drugs (such as propranolol, aspirin, etc.); climate change, exercise, pregnancy, etc. May be the predisposing factor for asthma.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Bronchial provocation test (BPT) cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)
1. Repeated episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness or cough, mostly related to contact with allergens, cold air, physical and chemical stimuli, viral upper respiratory tract infections, exercise, etc.
2. At the time of attack, the lungs can be smelled and scattered or diffuse, with a wheezing sound mainly due to the expiratory phase, and the expiratory phase is prolonged.
3. The above symptoms can be relieved by treatment or relieved by themselves.
4. Exclude wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness or cough caused by other diseases.
5. Patients with atypical clinical symptoms (such as no significant wheezing or signs) should have at least one of the following tests positive:
(1) positive for bronchial provocation test or exercise test;
(2) The bronchodilation test was positive (FEV1 increased by more than 15%, and the absolute value of FEV1 increased by >200 ml);
(3) PEF intraday variability or day and night volatility 20%.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Bronchial asthma is an allergic disease that occurs mostly in young or young people and occurs in the spring and autumn or when it is cold. Asthma attacks come faster and are characterized by exhalation difficulties; asthma stops like normal people. However, if it is repeated, it can not be relieved, and it can develop into emphysema and pulmonary heart disease.
Asthmatic bronchitis, in addition to the symptoms of chronic bronchitis: long-term cough, cough; also accompanied by obvious wheezing, and more often in the respiratory infection. Usually in the cold season, the majority of the elderly. If the disease is not well controlled, the late stage often develops emphysema and pulmonary heart disease.
In addition, it is bronchial lung cancer, which can also cause wheezing when the cancer occludes the large bronchi. The patient feels difficulty in exhaling and inhaling. The above types of asthma are caused by diseases of the bronchus or lungs, called pulmonary asthma.
Another type of asthma is caused by heart disease, which is called cardiogenic asthma. Patients usually have coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy or hypertension, and left heart failure, causing blood stasis in the lungs, gas exchange disorders, and asthma. This kind of wheezing often occurs at night, and it is often difficult to have difficulty breathing 1 or 2 hours after sleeping. The patient suddenly awakened because of chest tightness and anger, and was forced to sit up and gasp, cough, and pink foamy sputum. After most patients sit up, the wheezing is relieved. This process is called paroxysmal dyspnea at night.
In addition, there is an occupational asthma, which means that asthma is associated with certain occupations, such as exposure to certain chemical or metallic compounds at work, causing asthma. Their main characteristics are: contact with a specific substance or in certain circumstances, can cause the onset of the disease, once the contact is removed, the symptoms disappear.
