impaired visuospatial function
Introduction
Introduction The cognitive barrier of various characteristics of objects in space caused by visual causes is called visual spatial perceptual disorder, which is referred to as visual spatial dysfunction, and is one of the early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. It is a group of primary degenerative brain degeneration diseases whose etiology is unknown. More onset in the old age, latent onset, slow and irreversible, clinically based on intelligent damage. The pathological changes were mainly diffuse atrophy of the cortex, widening of the sulcus, enlargement of the ventricles, reduction of neurons, and the appearance of senile plaques, neurofibrillary knots, and the reduction of choline acetylase and acetylcholine.
Cause
Cause
It is a group of primary degenerative brain degeneration diseases whose etiology is unknown. More onset in the old age, latent onset, slow and irreversible, clinically based on intelligent damage. The pathological changes were mainly diffuse atrophy of the cortex, widening of the sulcus, enlargement of the ventricles, reduction of neurons, and the appearance of senile plaques, neurofibrillary knots, and the reduction of choline acetylase and acetylcholine. Before the age of 65, formerly known as pre-senile dementia, or Alzheimer's disease, there is a family history of the same disease, the disease develops faster, the temporal lobe and parietal lobe lesions are more significant, often aphasia and disuse.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Brain MRI examination of brain CT examination
EEG changes in AD patients are not specific. CT and MRI examination showed cortical brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement with widening of cerebral sulcus. As many normal elderly and other diseases can also cause brain atrophy, and some AD patients have no obvious brain atrophy. Therefore, it is not allowed to diagnose AD by brain atrophy alone. Spect and positron emission tomography can show significant metabolic disturbances in the apical-temporal contact cortex of AD, which may also be seen in the frontal lobe. The etiology of AD is unclear. At present, the diagnosis is based on the clinical manifestations of dementia, and then comprehensive analysis of the history of the disease, the characteristics of the course, the system of spinal nerve examination, psychological examination and auxiliary examination, and the dementia caused by other causes. The diagnosis is AD. Psychological testing in China includes some international testing tools. The most common ones are recommendations that only state checking, which is a very simple testing tool. In addition, the Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale is also an internationally accepted test tool. In the differential diagnosis, attention should be paid to the differentiation of vascular, vitamin B deficiency, pernicious anemia, neurosyphilis, normal pressure hydrocephalus, brain tumors and other primary brain lesions such as Pick and Parkinson's disease. In addition, attention should also be paid to the identification of pseudo-dementia and delirium caused by depression.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
1. Optic nerve head pale: clinically, the color of the nipple is lightened or pale is called optic atrophy, and strictly called optic atrophy refers to the degenerative lesion of the optic nerve, which causes the color of the optic papilla to become pale or pale. Therefore, it should be determined from the color of the optic nipple and its function, that is, vision, field of vision, and the like.
2. Optic atrophy is not the name of a disease, but refers to a formation change caused by any disease causing retinal ganglion cells and its axons to become lesions, resulting in a thinning of the optic nerve. , generally occurs in the ganglion cell axis mutation between the retina to the lateral geniculate body. EEG changes in AD patients are not specific. CT and MRI examination showed cortical brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement with widening of cerebral sulcus. As many normal elderly and other diseases can also cause brain atrophy, and some AD patients have no obvious brain atrophy. Therefore, it is not allowed to diagnose AD by brain atrophy alone. Spect and positron emission tomography can show significant metabolic disturbances in the apical-temporal contact cortex of AD, which may also be seen in the frontal lobe. The etiology of AD is unclear. At present, the diagnosis is based on the clinical manifestations of dementia, and then comprehensive analysis of the history of the disease, the characteristics of the course, the system of spinal nerve examination, psychological examination and auxiliary examination, and the dementia caused by other causes. The diagnosis is AD. Psychological testing in China includes some international testing tools. The most common ones are recommendations that only state checking, which is a very simple testing tool. In addition, the Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale is also an internationally accepted test tool. In the differential diagnosis, attention should be paid to the differentiation of vascular, vitamin B deficiency, pernicious anemia, neurosyphilis, normal pressure hydrocephalus, brain tumors and other primary brain lesions such as Pick and Parkinson's disease. In addition, attention should also be paid to the identification of pseudo-dementia and delirium caused by depression.
