eczema
Introduction
Introduction Eczema is a skin inflammatory reaction caused by a variety of internal and external factors. It is divided into acute, subacute and chronic phases. In the acute phase, there is a tendency to exude, and in the chronic phase, it is infiltrated and hypertrophic. Some patients directly show chronic eczema. Skin lesions are characterized by pleomorphism, symmetry, itching and recurrent episodes. The etiology of eczema is complex and often results from internal and external interactions. Internal factors such as chronic digestive diseases, mental stress, insomnia, excessive fatigue, mood changes, endocrine disorders, infections, metabolic disorders, etc., external factors such as living environment, climate change, food, etc. can affect the occurrence of eczema.
Cause
Cause
More complex health searches, due to a variety of external or internal factors, and other influencing factors, often difficult to pursue and remove health search, and thus recurrent and chronic.
1. External factors include various physical and chemical factors such as living environment, climatic conditions, daylight, ultraviolet rays, cold, damp heat, dryness, scratching, frictional contact with silk fabrics, man-made fibers, cosmetics, spices, detergents, soaps, furs, plants, Dyes and bacterial infections of the skin can be induced.
2. Internal factors The allergic quality of patients is the main factor of this disease, which may be related to heredity and may change with age and environment. Neuropsychiatric factors such as mental stress, insomnia, overwork, emotional agitation, autonomic dysfunction, etc. In addition, endocrine, metabolic or digestive tract dysfunction, intestinal parasites, lesion infections, certain foods such as fish, shrimp, eggs, etc. are also associated with the disease.
Examine
an examination
1. According to the performance of skin lesions, it is divided into acute, subacute and chronic phases.
(1) Acute eczema lesions are most dense miliary papules, herpes, or small blisters at the beginning. The basement is flushed and gradually merges into pieces. Due to scratching, the papules, herpes, or vesicles are clearly spotted after being scratched. Exudation and small erosion surface, the edge is unclear. Such as secondary infection, inflammation is more obvious, can form pustules, purulent sputum, folliculitis, sputum and so on. Consciously itchy. Occasionally on the head, behind the ears, distal extremities, scrotum, perianal, etc., more symmetric release.
(2) After the acute inflammation of acute eczema is relieved, the skin lesions are mainly small papules, scars and scales, and only a small amount of herpes and erosions are seen. There is still intense itching.
(3) Chronic eczema often turns into chronic eczema due to repeated episodes of acute and subacute eczema, and it can also start as chronic eczema. It is characterized by thickening, infiltration of the affected area, brownish red or pigmentation, rough surface, covering scales, or scarring due to scratching. Consciously itching is intense. Common in the calf, hands, feet, elbow fossa, armpits, vulva, anus and so on. The course of the disease is uncertain, easy to relapse, and healed for a long time.
2. According to the extent of skin lesions, it is divided into two categories: localized eczema and generalized eczema.
(1) Localized eczema only occurs in specific parts, that is, it can be named, such as hand eczema, female eczema, scrotal eczema, ear eczema, breast eczema, perianal eczema, calf eczema.
(2) There are many skin lesions of generalized eczema, which are widespread or scattered in multiple parts of the body. Such as coin eczema, self-sensitive eczema, and fat-free eczema.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Identification of eczema and pruritus: Eczema often has papules, erythema, exudation, erosion, and subsequent itching, while the latter is often itchy, no exudate, sputum, secondary exudation, bleeding ,erosion.
Identification of eczema and contact dermatitis: The latter has a clear history of contact irritation, easy to find out, the rash is limited to the contact site, the shape is single, the blister is large, the boundary is clear, after removing the cause, the dermatitis subsides faster and rarely recurs.
The identification of eczema and neurodermatitis: the latter often itchy, followed by flat papules, mossy changes, light brown, dry and firm, lesions can be extended to the appendix, perineum and scrotum.
