dyslexia
Introduction
Introduction A dyslexia or "dyslexia" means that children are much more difficult to learn, read, recite, and pronounce than their peers. Children with general dyslexia are among school-age children between the ages of 3 and 6. If children with dyslexia are not effectively corrected or treated, the symptoms of dyslexia may become more serious and may even last for at least a year or longer.
Cause
Cause
The cause of dyslexia (dyslexia) is related to the following factors.
(1) Abnormal brain function factors.
According to modern research, children with dyslexia (dysplasia) are mostly caused by abnormalities in congenital brain development.
(2) Genetic factors.
The personality and intelligence of children with dyslexia (dyslexia) are affected by heredity, and some children with dyslexia (dyslexia) have family tendencies. In addition, certain chromosomal diseases and genetic metabolic diseases are also unrelated to learning.
(3) Pregnancy factors.
Fetal chronic hypoxemia, intrauterine growth retardation, pre-delivery bleeding, pregnancy toxemia, children may grow up with hyperactivity, learning disabilities, distraction, visual-spatial disorders. Infection, physical and chemical factors during pregnancy, especially alcohol, tobacco and other addictive drugs can cause dyslexia in children (dyslexia).
(4) Disease factors.
Early childhood malnutrition may cause defects in recognition and attention; diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, etc. will reduce children's academic performance, memory, visual-spatial motor function, hands-on ability and hand-eye coordination .
(5) Drug factors.
Barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants, samovar, phenytoin, diazepam, and chlordiazepoxide may cause hyperactivity. Commonly used food additives and colorants tartrazine can cause hyperactivity. Or passive inhalation of second-hand smoke is also a cause of poor learning disabilities and certain physical problems in children.
(6) Psychological factors.
Parents and schools are too high or contradictory to children to cause psychological conflicts. Children's nervousness in learning, fear of failure, and compulsive desire to complete their studies can cause children to be psychologically anxious, nervous, retarded, and uninterested. Various psychological factors can undermine children's active learning attempts, affecting selective attention, memory and cognitive activities, thus incurring learning problems.
(7) Environmental factors.
Parents are indifferent to children's learning; or because of temporary poor academic performance, discrimination, snoring; or gender discrimination; or parental alcoholism, family friction, parental divorce; or other bad examples of parents can cause hyperactivity and inattention in children , low mood and lack of security. The educational level of parents and their educational methods for their children also directly affect the mental state of children. Many of the above factors affect the children's learning potential, which leads to children's learning problems.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Otolaryngology CT examination of nasopharyngeal MRI
Dyslexia in developing children with dyslexia is a directed learning disability characterized by difficulties in learning to read. Some children with dyslexia also suffer from learning writing, spelling, and even discourse.
Dyslexia in children with dyslexia has indeed believed that this symptom affects their physical and mental health and learning ability.
The symptoms of children with dyslexia who are suffering from dyslexia are not uniform. Their common feature is that children with reading ability are significantly lower than those of the same age. This reading ability lag is described in levels. Patients with dyslexia usually have one or more of the following problems:
1. Learning and memory are difficult.
2, reverse the text ("earth" as "senior", "self" as "already"), reverse the number (6 as 9) and change the text order ("mother loves me" as "I love mother") or numbers (21 as 12) order.
3. Missing or inserting words when reading.
4. Confuse vowels or replace one consonant with another consonant.
5, stubborn spelling mistakes.
6, writing difficulties.
7, mathematics learning difficulties.
8. Other features include.
9. Delayed or inappropriate speech.
10, poor expression ability, the word is difficult to achieve.
11. Confuse direction (up and down) and time (before, yesterday, and today).
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of dyslexia:
1. Hearing impairment: Hearing impairment refers to the structural defects of the auditory organs due to congenital or acquired causes, or some or all of the obstacles to the function, resulting in difficulty in listening or identifying the sound; the criteria for identification are as follows:
(1) After receiving a self-conscious pure tone hearing test, the hearing frequency of the good ear is more than 25 decibels.
(2) Those who are unable to accept the previous paragraph's self-conscious pure tone hearing test, who are determined by his or her perceptual hearing test.
2, learning disabilities: refers to the general ability to show attention, memory, understanding, reasoning, expression, perception or sensory movement coordination due to abnormal neuropsychological function, so that the listening, speaking, reading, writing, counting and other learning Those who have significant difficulties; their obstacles are not directly caused by environmental factors such as sensory, intelligent, emotional and other factors such as inadequate cultural stimulation and improper teaching.
3, intelligent barriers: IQ is higher than 130 for extraordinary intelligence and less than 70 for low intelligence, that is, intelligent defects or intelligent obstacles.
4, brain developmental disorders: children's brain developmental disorders refers to pediatric brain dysplasia is caused by a certain cause of brain medical tissue to reduce the development of brain nerve cells is not perfect or damaged and characterized by mental retardation and growth retardation .
5. Speech Disorder: Speech is a high-level function unique to the human brain. Speech disorders limited to the brain and peripheral nerves can be divided into aphasia and dysarthria. Aphasia is caused by the impairment of the speech function area of the cerebral cortex, which makes the patient's speech, obedient, reading and writing insufficiency or loss, rather than due to mental factors, sensory disturbances or muscle weakness, the patient can get the sound of the voice and see the text symbols. But can not understand the meaning it represents, patients can chew, swallow, hands can move, but can not read words, write, etc., common aphasias have sports errors, sensory errors, nomenclature aphasia, loss of writing, loss of reading, loss Use and loss of recognition. The dysarthria is caused by the dysphonic muscles and tendons caused by the damage of the neuromuscular system, the ataxia, and the abnormal muscle tone. The clinical pronunciation is not accurate, the vocabulary is unclear, the tone, the speed, Abnormal rhythms, sounds, etc., excessive nasal sounds, etc., when severe, do not distinguish between sounds, words are not a sentence, making people difficult to understand, even more serious patients can not pronounce, these patients have normal understanding and expression.
