Unconsciousness
Introduction
Introduction Significant reduction in circulating blood volume, the body will no longer consider the osmotic pressure and try to maintain blood volume. Excited by the renin-aldosterone system, the kidneys are reduced in sodium, and the reabsorption of Cl- and water is increased. Therefore, the sodium chloride content in the urine is significantly reduced. Decreased blood volume will stimulate the posterior pituitary, which will increase the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and increase the reabsorption of water, leading to oliguria. If the decline in blood volume continues to decrease, resulting in the above compensatory function no longer able to maintain blood volume, shock will occur.
Cause
Cause
The concentration of extracellular sodium is reduced. After hypotonic state, the body reduces the secretion of antidiuretic hormone to drain water and increase the secretion of aldosterone to protect sodium. At the same time, the interstitial fluid enters the blood circulation, partially compensating for blood volume and maintaining circulating blood volume. If too much salt is lost or salt loss continues, the water continues to be excreted from the urine. The extracellular fluid osmotic pressure drops, and the water is transferred from the cells to the cells. The blood volume and interstitial fluid are significantly reduced, and hypovolemia occurs. shock.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
EEG examination of brain CT examination of vitamin B3 vitamin B3 (VitB3, VB3)
1, urine Na + determination, often significantly reduced.
2, serum Na + determination below 135mmol / L, indicating hyponatremia, and can determine the degree of sodium deficiency.
3. Plasma osmotic pressure is reduced.
4. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin volume, hematocrit, blood non-protein nitrogen and urea are all increased, while the urine specific gravity is below 1.010.
5, CT and MRI examination can show ischemic infarction or hemorrhagic infarction changes, combined with hemorrhagic infarction to support cerebral embolism. Many patients have followed the clinical symptoms of blood infarction and aggravated. The CT examination within 3-5 days of onset can be used to detect post-infarction hemorrhage and adjust the treatment plan in time. MRA can detect the degree or occlusion of carotid stenosis.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The sorrowfulness of the sorrow: the ability to respond, but the answer is not asked, the memory and calculation power are poor. The spirit is not concentrated or the mind is unclear.
The patient has symptoms of dizziness, but the call is still responsive to diagnosis.
Patients with mild general neurosis can be treated promptly through psychological counseling and can be cured. Psychiatric patients must go to the psychiatric department of the hospital, through drug control and psychotherapy.
