shriveled nails
Introduction
Introduction Nail presents a dry, clinical appearance due to a variety of factors. Abnormal nails, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, nail malnutrition and other diseases can cause nails to dry up. A includes the deck, the nail bed and the nail week. Fingernail abnormalities involve the above three parts. The factors that cause nail lesions are classified as congenital or acquired. Congenital nail lesions often associated with other congenital anomalies. Acquired nail lesions are found in microbial infections and local factors. Abnormal changes in nails caused by systemic diseases or certain skin diseases. There may also be damage to the original nail for unknown reasons.
Cause
Cause
First, congenital factors
1. Congenital nail disease congenital hypothyroidism, congenital thick nail disease, congenital giant armor or small nail disease, racquet-shaped nail, white nail disease. Lime-shaped armor, anti-A.
2. Congenital hyperthyroidism syndrome congenital thick nail syndrome, congenital ectodermal defect, cartilage ectodermal dysplasia, congenital keratosis, hyperthyroidism and elbow syndrome. Cordite-Canada syndrome.
Second, acquired factors
(a) primary nail disease
Infectious disease
Bacterial paronychia, bacterial nail bed inflammation, candida paronychia, hyperthyroidism, sulcus and common vulgaris, purpuric paronychia.
2. Non-infectious nail disease
Ingrown, underarm bleeding, crisp nails. Atrophy, nail sclerosis, nail splitting, nail separation, nail loss, nail bed, hypertrophy, nail preparation, hook nail, nail pit, nail lateral groove, nail longitudinal groove, nail reverse group gorge yellow armor, blue armor, black A, half of the armor, twenty-five malnutrition bite a subcutaneous glomus tumor, a mother-in-law, under the bone of the exogenous bone l nodular sclerosis.
(2) A disease of systemic diseases
Chronic lung disease, hypothyroidism, hemophilia, scurvy, anemia, Raynaud's disease, systemic serious infection, syringomyelia.
(3) A lesion caused by skin diseases
1. Infectious skin diseases: leprosy, syphilis, athlete's foot, hand
2. erythema scaly skin disease: psoriasis, lichen planus, exfoliative dermatitis.
3. Allergic skin disease: eczema, drug eruption.
4. Herpes rash skin disease: sputum epidermolysis, pemphigus, sore dermatitis, continuous acral dermatitis.
5. Follicular keratosis skin disease: hair follicle keratosis, hair red pityriasis, progressive palmar keratoderma, palmoplantar keratoderma, sacral horn keratosis after tumor acral keratosis.
6. Connective tissue disease: lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis.
7. Other skin diseases: alopecia areata, malignant acanthosis, necrotic loosening erythema, etc.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Trace element detection in the human body
(1) medical history
A detailed medical history is helpful for diagnosis. Such as the age of onset, the stage of disease, the presence or absence of symmetry and accompanying diseases. Infantile nail disease is more common in congenital factors. If accompanied by other congenital abnormalities, it is often a disease syndrome. Understand the cause of the disease to determine whether it is infectious or non-infectious. Acute infection of infectious nail disease may have an inflammatory reaction, which is characterized by red J, heat and pain. It is unilateral or only infringes one nail.
Hyperthyroidism has no manifestations of acute inflammation, but generally has hand and foot spasms, and then spread to the nails. The thumb (toe) is more susceptible, and often involves multiple nails after asymmetry. A single or only one nail is also seen in nail damage caused by trauma, physical, chemical or local new organisms. A disease caused by a systemic disease or certain skin diseases manifests as multiple nails and is symmetrically distributed. Such as anemia, psoriasis and so on. The evolution process and treatment of nail damage have reference significance for diagnosis. For example, the nail damage of psoriasis and eczema changes with the severity of the primary disease, and the recovery of the primary disease with the primary disease will also recover.
(2) Physical examination
In the case of a lesion, the deck, the sulcus and the nail bed should be examined in detail. Observe the number of nail damage, the length of involvement, and the presence or absence of symmetry damage. Also observe the texture, smoothness, and color of nail A. Also check the general condition, systemic systemic disease or other congenital anomalies.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
When considering hyperthyroidism, the diseased nail or nail bed debris can be scraped, and direct microscopic examination and culture of the fungus can help diagnose the hyperthyroidism. Fungal species can be identified by culture. Bacterial nail damage can be done in bacterial culture if there is a purulent infection. Some of the desirable decks, the tissue of the nail bed for pathological sectioning, contribute to the diagnosis of nail damage. Toxic nail damage can determine the syphilis serum response. Determining the microcirculation of the nail wall is meaningful for certain nail lesions. For example, a nail damage caused by connective tissue disease, blood vessels of the wrinkle wall become smaller, blood flow is reduced or embolism occurs.
