Pigmented spots
Introduction
Introduction Pigment spots are uneven distribution of melanin particles in the skin, resulting in localized spots and patches that are deeper than normal skin. Excessive sun exposure, endocrine disorders, chronic liver and stomach diseases, improper use of cosmetics, etc., may be the cause of pigmentation. It can be treated using non-surgical methods and surgical methods.
Cause
Cause
First, external factors: the epidermis is stimulated (such as inappropriate whitening therapy, inferior cosmetics, etc.), ultraviolet radiation, massage, acne retention and so on.
Second, the internal factors of the body: imbalance of hormone secretion, taking drugs (such as contraceptives, etc.), pregnancy, mental stress and so on.
1. Bad living habits. Another cause of pigmentation is poor living habits such as stress, picky eaters, and lack of sleep. Therefore, people with unstable sleep time, the skin's metabolism is not good, directly affecting the production of melanin.
2, endocrine disorders. The production of melanin is affected by changes in the levels of sex hormones in the body during menstruation and pregnancy. In addition, endocrine instability usually causes emotional instability, and indirectly causes pigmentation (the formation of chloasma in Chinese medicine is mainly due to liver sputum, more complicated).
3. Intense ultraviolet radiation. Know why women need sunscreen? This is because ultraviolet radiation in the sun is an important cause of pigmentation. When the skin is exposed to excessive sunlight, the epidermis produces more melanin particles, which absorb ultraviolet light and protect the body from harm. It is the truth that everyone will turn black after sun exposure. Moreover, the irradiation of ultraviolet rays causes chloasma, and the color of common freckles is deepened.
4. Autosomal inheritance. Symptoms start from children around 5 years old, mostly women, heavy in spring and summer, light in autumn and winter. The pale brown to yellowish brown needle tip to the size of the rice grain, etc., causing the formation of pigmentation spots.
Examine
an examination
Facial pigmentation spots are diverse and can be diagnosed based on clinical facial performance.
Melanin
1, melanin plaque: mainly Ota , melanin , all kinds of traumatic tattoos and bad eyebrows, eye lines, etc., melanin plaques respond well to laser treatment.
Brown spot
2, brown spot: a variety of freckles, sun spots, chloasma, freckles like sputum, age spots, coffee spots, drug pigment spots. The brown spot is effective for laser treatment, such as freckles, but most of them are not effective for laser treatment, especially chloasma. The causes are related to endocrine disorders, mental stress, insomnia, etc., which are not sensitive to laser treatment and have poor results. It is easy to rebound and becomes a thorny problem in the treatment of facial pigmentation spots.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Physiological chloasma
(1) Pregnancy spots (hipble spots): caused by changes in hormone secretion during pregnancy. Pregnancy, childbirth, menstrual blood disorder, lactation, injury to the uterus meridians and symmetry on the surface, more than 3 to 5 months of pregnancy, because most of the nutrition has been provided to the fetus, blood and blood loss, resulting in facial blood flow pigment Assembly. After childbirth, the body quality varies. Some people pass the lactation period, the nutrition is restored, the blood is smooth, and after a period of correct maintenance. The collected pigments are taken away, the melanin metabolism is normal, and the natural spots will disappear. If it can't be metabolized normally, the more it gets deeper and heavier, the earlier the age spots appear, and the skin ages prematurely. This means that melanin can't be excreted naturally, so the spots can't disappear.
(2) Female chloasma: Some unmarried women have irregular menstruation, do not come twice a month or over the moon, do not leave the day, hurt their uterus meridians, qi and blood stagnant, and formed on the surface. Some of the upper lip will have spots like splayed words, which may be related to weak ovarian function. Uterine, ovarian abnormalities or dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation is the main reason.
(3) Dark spots: mental stress, long-term fatigue or excessive stimulation, causing nervous system function disorder, making the pituitary gland unable to function properly, promoting the increase of adrenal hormones, stimulating melanocytes to produce a large amount of melanin, and pigmentation to form dark spots.
2. Pathological chloasma:
Various diseases such as liver and kidney dysfunction, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, cancer, tuberculosis, nutritional deficiencies, alcoholism, etc. can cause dysfunction of various systemic systems, and skin metabolism decreases to form liver spots.
3. Sunburn
The skin is formed by exposure to strong light. Strong winds, rainstorms are easy to form sun spots. Generally, seawater bathing is also the main cause of sunburn. The salt content of seawater is extremely high. After sun exposure, the skin will cause strong irritation to the skin. It will be red, swollen and then dark. A large amount of melanin is formed to resist ultraviolet rays, and melanin is not metabolized in time after being metabolized to the stratum corneum, and sunburn is generated. However, if the metabolic function of the skin is normal, although the sun will make the local skin become darker, with the metabolism, the aging keratin of the skin will naturally be replaced, and melanin will be metabolized. Therefore, when you are young, the sun is not necessarily long-spotted. At the same time, use supplemental nutrition to promote metabolism and avoid glare. It can heal itself in the greenhouse for 3-4 weeks. If you are older, especially after the age of 30 or 40, endocrine changes, melanin secretion is particularly high, coupled with too much exposure to sunlight, skin metabolism is not smooth, it will be easy to long spots.
Second, secondary pigmentation
Dark spots caused by damaged skin surface. It has a reddish-brown or deep reddish-brown cloud on the skin, and white spots or spots on the dark spots. Due to long-term skin rejuvenation, the epidermal protective layer is repeatedly damaged and the skin balance is destroyed.
1. Features
(1) Pigmentation caused by repeated damage to the epidermal protective layer due to burns, burns, blistering, acne squeezing, smashing, or peeling or peeling.
(2) Pigments, spices, metals, etc. in some bad cosmetics can damage the epidermis of the skin, such as lead, mercury salts, arsenic, etc., which will accumulate in dermal phagocytic cells and change the color of the skin. This exogenous pigment is present. Gray to blue and black. Mercury (mercury) also destroys red blood cells. Although it has a bleaching effect, it can temporarily control the production of dark spots and facial paralysis. However, the medicinal ingredients are deposited in the skin; when young, the skin is still oily and less likely to form dark spots; However, after the age of 30, the amount of hormone secretion decreased, and the skin gradually became dry. At this time, melanin, which had been inhibited by the drug, produced sequelae. The lighter one was dermatitis, and the severe one caused severe dark spots.
(3) Due to the trauma, the dendritic duct of the melanocytes ruptures and even the melanocytes rupture, and the melanin bodies are released and contiguous in the wounded area, so the skin after skin rejuvenation produces more dark spots than before.
(4) The hemoglobin deposited in the basal layer of the epidermis is not easy to participate in blood circulation and dry necrosis, thereby forming a double deposition of melanin and heme.
2. The difference between secondary pigmentation and yellow plaque
(1) Chloasma is often associated with internal diseases such as endocrine disorders, gynecological diseases, digestive diseases, and weak liver and kidney functions. Nerve, emotional stimulation and other diseases and factors can induce chloasma, and secondary pigmentation has no connection or association with the above factors.
(2) The pigmentation of chloasma is composed of melanin bodies, which are generally brown or brownish black, while the secondary pigmentation is melanin in addition to melanin, so the lesion area is reddish brown or deep. Reddish brown.
(3) The production of chloasma is related to the activity of human tyrosinase in addition to internal diseases, and the secondary pigmentation is mainly caused by damage of melanocytes caused by various causes of damage, so that melanin is small. The body is released in large quantities, spliced and causes hemoglobin to dry up, and is not directly related to the activity of tyrosinase.
Third, age spots
Senile plaque is a kind of seborrheic keratosis of the senile, which is related to the physiological functions of the skin (the metabolism of oxygen, water and body hormones in the skin is weakened), the law of life, nutritional status, mood, exercise, health, etc. A manifestation of skin aging. It is yellow-brown or similar to the color of pig liver on the skin. The size of the spots is larger than that of freckles. Large ones such as mung beans and soybeans often occur in the sun, especially on the back of the hands, arms, cheeks and forehead. Sometimes there is a little itching. Mainly have the following characteristics:
(1) Generally, it is long in the face, hands, limbs, etc., mostly larger, irregular, non-symmetric in distribution, generally smaller than chloasma, how long in the edge of the face and back of the hand, and healthy tissue is obvious The boundary is related to premature aging.
(2) The gradual decline of skin function, decreased free radical excretion ability, endocrine disorders, weakened visceral function, poor blood circulation and long-term exposure to sunlight are the reasons for its formation.
(3) There is also a mental overwork, excessive damage to the brain meridians and cells and on the surface. It is a benign keratotic lesion. The appearance looks like a piece of mud that sticks to the skin. Generally, the area on the face and the body is large, relatively protruding and dark in color. The lesions located on the limbs, hands or feet are often small, flat and light in color.
Fourth, dermal layer spots
Due to the long-term use of inferior cosmetics, the skin is subject to long-term damage caused by heavy metal lead and mercury, resulting in spots on the skin. Under normal circumstances, how long is under the face, above the cheekbones, the stars are irregularly distributed, the skin lesions are darker, the melanin content in the dermis is increased, and the skin is blue-gray or blue. In particular, color cosmetics, such as non-fading blush, contain strong pigments and are difficult to eliminate. Long-term use makes it easy to produce pigmentation on cheeks, blush, eyelids and lips. Drug abuse and cosmetics, hormones, heavy metals and inferior cosmetics can be saturated into the subcutaneous tissue. In addition to killing the pathogen in large quantities, the drug can also kill beneficial bacteria, harmless bacteria and tissue cells in the body. The dead cells are not metabolized, and the components of the drug substance cannot be removed, causing capillary blockage, breakage, and meridians. It will directly affect the microcirculation. The bacteria and cell ecology in the human body are out of balance, and the blood cannot be normally metabolized and circulated, causing blood pigmentation, body waste siltation, and becoming a patch. The dermal layer can only be discussed and cannot be removed. There is currently no effective treatment in the world.
Five, black disease
The spot is black, mainly grayish black pigmentation on the forehead, face and neck skin. Although both men and women can get sick, there are more middle-aged women. Some patients, especially those related to cosmetics or certain occupations, often show redness, scaling, itching, and then the skin gradually darkens, mainly in the forehead, forehead (the temple), before and after the ear, and even The neck is light brown, grayish black or brownish black. The depth is uneven, often in the form of dots. The mesh distribution is distributed along the capillary. A large amount is deposited in the dermis. There is no obvious boundary with healthy tissue. The surface is often thin. Scales, such as the removal of some flour. In addition to darkening of the skin, the patient is often secondary to systemic diseases. Such as cirrhosis, advanced kidney disease. Or because the working environment contains harmful substances, such as lead, mercury, copper exceeding the standard, or due to allergies to oil paint, long-term skin re-stimulation caused by repeated stimulation, mostly on the forehead, cheeks and eye area, sometimes with a reticular gray spot on the side neck With falling debris.
