superficial soft palate ulcer
Introduction
Introduction Soft Palate is located in the last third of the sputum, based on the striated muscle and the mucosal surface. Soft palate cancer accounts for 13.5% of the primary malignant tumor of the ankle. The etiology is similar to other malignant tumors in the oropharynx. The pathological type is more common in glandular epithelium, followed by squamous epithelium, and malignant melanoma is the third. Sarcoma is rare.
Cause
Cause
The etiology is similar to other malignant tumors in the oropharynx, and is related to internal factors such as neuropsychology, endocrinology, heredity, and body immunity, as well as external factors such as physics, chemistry, or biology.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Oral endoscope
Soft sputum cancer is easy to find, and there may be superficial ulcers, soft asymmetry of soft palate, etc., and the palpation lesions are harder, and biopsy is needed for diagnosis.
In the early stage, only the oropharyngeal discomfort was felt, and the symptoms were not obvious and were easily ignored. After the occurrence of bad breath, sore throat, swallowing pain, can be radiated to the same side and neck, the use of antibiotics can temporarily relieve symptoms. In the advanced stage, dysphagia may occur and sound changes may occur. Soft palate fixation, destruction, and perforation may cause food to flow back to the nasal cavity; upward or outward invasion of the nasopharynx or parapharyngeal space may have closed jaws, difficulty in opening the mouth, otitis media, and pain in the ankle. And occasionally cranial nerve involvement.
Physical examination revealed that there are new organisms in the soft tongue or uvula. Almost all soft squamous cell carcinomas occur in the oral cavity of the soft palate (below). The nasopharyngeal surface is almost not long, and even the larger tumor in the nasopharynx is less invasive. Soft sputum nostril. Early tumor lesions were red and the borders were not obvious. Soft white lesions are also common, which may be mucosal leukoplakia, carcinoma in situ or early invasive carcinoma. Multi-site tumor growth on normal mucosal surfaces is a common feature. Most soft palate cancer visits are limited to soft palate or adjacent tonsil arch, T grade is T2 or T3, but the volume of the tumor is smaller than the tumor volume of the base of the tongue and the tonsil fossa. The center of the advanced cancer has ulcers, raised edges, or exogenous growth, especially around the uvula. Soft palate tumors first spread to the tonsil arch and hard palate. Outward expansion through the pharyngeal constriction muscles invading the pterygoid and skull base, occasionally involving or compressing the cranial nerves in the parapharyngeal space. In the late stage, the nasopharynx wall is often invaded, causing perforation or collapse of the soft palate. Lymphatic metastasis first goes to the second abdominal muscle lymph nodes and then along the jugular vein chain. Submandibular, axillary, and spinal lymph nodes are rare. About 50% of patients had enlarged lymph nodes on admission, 16% of whom were bilateral, and the lymph nodes were clinically palpated negatively. About 20% of the lymph nodes were positive after surgery. The positive rate of lymph nodes was related to T grade, T1 was 8%, T2 was 36%, and T3 and T4 were 66%.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Soft cancer should be differentiated from the following diseases
1. Mixed tumor: the small parotid mixed tumor of the ankle is more benign than malignant. No symptoms, slow growth, and most of the tumor surface mucosa is normal. No bone damage. It can be identified by puncture cytology or frozen sections during surgery.
2. Maxillary sinus cancer: especially the primary wall of the primary wall often causes oral symptoms, and sometimes it is not easy to distinguish from the invading maxillary sinus. Maxillary sinus cancer often has nasal symptoms and abnormal exudate. The teeth loosened off early and the number was large. X-ray showed extensive bone destruction in maxillary sinus cancer occupying lesions.
Soft sputum cancer is easy to find, and there may be superficial ulcers, soft asymmetry of soft palate, etc., and the palpation lesions are harder, and biopsy is needed for diagnosis.
