Anterior fontanelle depression in children
Introduction
Introduction The characteristics of the Qianqian depression are: the anterior sag of the child, mostly accompanied by eye socket depression, and the urine volume is reduced. This symptom occurs in children and should be considered for dehydration. Neonatal cranial bone development is not complete, filled with fibrous tissue membrane, called cranial sputum. The anterior iliac crest is the largest, located at the front end of the sagittal suture, in a diamond shape, closed at 1-1.5 years after birth. Under normal circumstances, the door is flat and slightly invaginated. If the intracranial pressure is high, the tension of the cardia is also increased, and the cardia will swell. When dehydration is caused by diarrhea, vomiting, etc., the cardia can be significantly depressed.
Cause
Cause
There are many causes of dehydration in children, the most common being acute gastroenteritis and fluid intake. Loss of body fluids caused by vomiting and diarrhea is the cause of dehydration caused by gastroenteritis, and is one of the most common causes of dehydration; another common cause of dehydration is too little fluid intake. For example: difficulty swallowing caused by oropharyngeal pain. Sometimes, the proportion of formula mixed with water is not good - too little water in the milk powder can also cause dehydration in the baby.
The anterior iliac crest is the largest, located at the front end of the sagittal suture, and has a rhomboid shape. There is a diamond-shaped gap at the top of the baby's head, called the front squat, which is 2.5 cm X 2.5 cm (the midpoint of the two pairs of sides), and it feels pulsating. Before the sputum, some babies will have a physiological increase 6 months ago, and will shrink at 6 months and close at 12 to 18 months. The anterior hernia is too late to be seen in children with rickets, cretinism (hypothyroidism) and hydrocephalus; the anterior hernia is closed too early and is seen in children with microcephaly. The anterior iliac crest is full, indicating that the intracranial pressure is increased, which is common in infants with meningitis, encephalitis, and hydrocephalus; the anterior sag is seen in children with dehydration, malnutrition, and extreme weight loss.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
X-ray lipiodol angiography blood analyzer to check urine analysis
Generally, according to the clinical manifestations such as anterior hernia, eye socket, skin elasticity, circulation and urine volume, it can be judged whether or not dehydration, and the degree of dehydration can be estimated.
When the baby is born, the diameter of the anterior iliac crest is about 1.5-2.0 cm. The anterior iliac crest will expand with the increase of the head circumference within the first few months of birth. Generally, after 6 months, the frontal and parietal bones will gradually shrink and become smaller. It was closed in about 18 months. The posterior malleolus is a triangular gap formed by the parietal bone and the occipital bone. It is located in the occipital region and is usually closed about 6-8 weeks after the baby is born. Under normal conditions, the unclosed cardia is flat and slightly invaginated.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The front is full: there is a diamond-shaped gap at the top of the baby's head, called the front squat, the size is 2.5 cm X 2.5 cm (the two mid-points are connected), and it feels pulsating. The anterior iliac crest is full, indicating an increase in intracranial pressure, common in children with meningitis and hydrocephalus.
Increased tension of the anterior iliac crest: In the early stage of increased intracranial pressure in infants, the tension of the anterior iliac crest can be increased, the cranial suture is separated, and the percussion is like a broken kettle. The cerebrospinal fluid pressure measured by the lumbar puncture in the lateral position exceeds 1.92 kPa, which is the increase of intracranial pressure. If there is a series of clinical manifestations such as headache, vomiting, visual impairment and papilledema, it is called intracranial pressure increase syndrome.
Delay of anterior iliac crest closure: thinning of the skull, separation of the cranial suture, and delayed or enlarged anterior and anterior iliac crest are common clinical symptoms of hydrocephalus.
Generally, according to the clinical manifestations such as anterior hernia, eye socket, skin elasticity, circulation and urine volume, it can be judged whether or not dehydration, and the degree of dehydration can be estimated.
