zygomatic facial collapse
Introduction
Introduction A fracture of the humerus causes a collapse of the face. The humerus and the zygomatic arch are the prominent parts of the face and are susceptible to impact and fracture. The tibia is associated with the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid and humerus, and the maxillary joint is the largest, so the fracture of the malar bone is often associated with maxillary fractures. The condyle of the humerus and the condyle of the humerus form a zygomatic arch, which is narrower and more susceptible to fractures (fracture of zygomatic arch). The humeral arch fracture can be diagnosed according to the history of injury, clinical features and radiography.
Cause
Cause
The disease is mainly caused by the external violence. Because the tibia and the zygomatic arch are the more prominent parts of the face, it is easy to cause fractures due to violence such as collision and trauma.
The displacement direction of the fracture block after fracture of the humerus and zygomatic arch depends mainly on the direction of the external force and the displacement of the invagination. In the early post-injury, the facial depression is visible. Subsequently, due to local swelling, the depression is not obvious, and it is easy to be mistaken for simple soft tissue injury. After a few days, the swelling subsided and local collapse occurred.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
X-ray lipiodol angiography blood routine examination
The humeral arch fracture can be diagnosed according to the history of injury, clinical features and X-ray examination.
Local palpation fractures may have tenderness, collapse displacement, sacral forehead, maxillary suture bone junction, and inferior temporal margin may have step formation. If you palpate from the vestibule to the posterior superior sulcus, you can check whether the gap between the humerus and the maxilla and the condyle becomes smaller. These all contribute to the diagnosis of tibiofibular fractures.
X-ray examination often takes the nasal position and the zygomatic position. In the sacral X-ray film, not only the fracture of the humerus and the zygomatic arch can be seen, but also the structure of the eyelid, maxillary sinus and infraorbital sinus can be observed. The zygomatic arch position clearly shows the fracture and displacement of the zygomatic arch.
Generally, it can be divided into tibiofibular fracture, zygomatic arch fracture, zygomatic and zygomatic arch fracture, and complex fracture of humerus and maxilla. The zygomatic arch fracture can be divided into two-line and three-line fractures.
Knight and North propose a Category 6 classification:
1 no displacement fracture;
2 fracture;
3 The humeral fracture is displaced inward and downward without accompanying transposition;
4 internal humeral fractures, the left side counterclockwise, the right side clockwise or to the midline, X-ray film showed the lower edge of the inferior temporal iliac crest, the forehead protruding to the medial side;
5 external humeral body fracture, the left side clockwise direction, the right side of the counterclockwise rotation or away from the midline, X-ray film showed the lower edge of the inferior temporal ridge, the forehead projection to the outside;
6 complex fractures.
Experts believe that type 2 and type 5 fractures are stable after reduction and do not need to be fixed; type 3, 4, and 6 fractures are unstable after reduction and need to be fixed.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The humeral arch fracture can be diagnosed according to the history of injury, clinical features and radiography.
