decreased muscle tone
Introduction
Introduction Low muscle tone refers to a decrease in muscle impedance and is often associated with excessive joint extension and reduced tendon reflexes.
Cause
Cause
1. False fat large muscle dystrophy.
2. Congenital muscular dystrophy:
1. Laminin 2 deletion type CMD.
2. Fukuyama type CMD (FCMD).
3. Walkrh-Wahberg syndrome.
4. Muscle-eye-encephalopathy.
5, pure CMD.
6, CMD with distal joint relaxation.
7, Merosin positive with low intelligence.
8, Merosin positive with cerebellar dysplasia.
3. Congenital myopathy.
4. Multiple myositis.
5. Other myogenic and neuromuscular joint diseases:
1. Periodic paralysis .
2, hyperthyroidism .
3, steroid myopathy.
4, myasthenia gravis.
5, muscle weakness syndrome .
6. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy syndrome:
7. Multiple neuropathy .
8. Motor neuron disease.
9. Spinal cord spasm .
10. Spinal shock.
11. Other spinal cord muscle tension is low:
1. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.
2, polio.
3. Syringomyelia.
4. Neonatal hypoxic ischemic myelopathy.
5. Neonatal spinal cord injury.
12. Chorus.
13. Cerebellar disorders have low muscle tone.
14. Low cerebral muscle tone:
1, benign congenital muscle tension is low.
2. Chromosomal diseases.
3. Chronic non-progressive encephalopathy.
4, peroxidation of the body disease.
5. Hereditary defects.
15. Other encephalopathy with low muscle tone:
1. Brain stem injury has low muscle tone.
2, vertebral body bundle disease has low muscle tone.
3, coma, general anesthesia, deep sleep process.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Muscle tone test refers to total extensor muscle strength test
The measurement method is as follows:
(1) By grasping the baby's hand, you can get a preliminary understanding of the child's muscle tension. Children with low muscle tone will feel difficulty when lifting, and have a feeling of sinking. The child is easy to slide from the tester's hand. The sly baby will have a strong sense of directness and resistance when picked up.
(2), posture observation. A normal baby over 3 months, if placed in a supine position, will naturally lie down and constantly exercise against gravity to maintain a certain position and posture. Children with soft tendon with low muscle tone, if placed in the supine position, often flex and abduct the upper and lower limbs, lacking active movement. If the child with hypertonia is placed in the supine position, there will be an asymmetrical abnormal posture, less active movement, and the movement appears rigid. The higher the muscle tone, the less active exercise. The stronger the original reflection, the more serious the posture is abnormal.
(3), touch. The tester can feel the tension of the muscle tissue by touching the muscles of the upper and lower limbs of the child (the biceps, triceps of the upper limbs, the gastrocnemius and the quadriceps of the lower limbs). If the child's muscle tension is low, the hand feels soft and slack, and the pressure on the fingers is less resistant. If the muscle tension is normal, the hand feels soft and moderate when touched, strong and elastic. If the muscle tension is high, the hand feels tense and the finger pressure is relatively strong.
(4) Passive movement. The tester performs passive flexion and extension exercises on the limbs. If the muscle tension is low, it will feel heavy, non-resistive, and the limbs have no self-control ability. If the muscle tension is high, the tester will feel significant resistance, and this resistance tends to be greater at the beginning of the exercise than at the end of the exercise. When the limbs with normal muscle tension are passive, they can resist and cooperate. Within a certain range, they have the ability to control themselves. The tester's feel is not as heavy as the low-tension limbs. High muscle strength is as strong as the limbs.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
(1) Muscle lesions of various reasons cause damage to the two stretch receptors, causing hypotonia.
(2), peripheral nerves, nerve root lesions lead to gamma- afferent, efferent obstacles, causing low muscle tone.
(3) Spinal cord lesions cause damage to -motor neurons and -motor neurons, causing hypotonia.
(4), brain stem network structure, cerebellum, extrapyramidal, cerebral cortex and other diseases lead to central regulation of muscle tension, causing low muscle tone.
