systemic allergic reaction
Introduction
Introduction An allergic reaction is a reaction that occurs when an immune body is stimulated again by the same substance. The reaction is characterized by rapid onset, strong reaction, and rapid regression; generally does not destroy tissue cells, and does not cause tissue damage, and has obvious genetic predisposition and individual differences. Systemic allergic reactions refer to the presence of allergic symptoms in more than 2 organs. It is a serious allergic reaction.
Cause
Cause
The substances that cause allergic reactions are called allergens, such as pollen, indoor dust, fish, shrimp, milk, eggs, penicillin, sulfonamide, quinine and so on. Some people produce antibodies from effector B cells when exposed to allergens when exposed to allergens. Some antibodies are adsorbed on the skin, the respiratory tract or the mucosa of the digestive tract and the surface of certain cells in the blood. When the same allergen enters the body again, it binds to the corresponding antibody adsorbed on the cell surface, causing the above cells to release substances such as histamine, causing telangiectasia, enhanced blood vessel wall permeability, smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretion. Increase and so on.
Allergic internal cause
1. The skin structure is damaged;
2. Skin immune and protective functions are reduced.
Allergic external cause
1. In case of wind, cold, heat, hot, sun, excitement, hand grab, oppression, seafood, cosmetics, bite, dust, pollen, cold water, etc.
2. All kinds of fake and shoddy cosmetics or cosmetics that are not suitable for you;
3. After peeling of Chinese herbal medicine or chemicals;
4. Long-term external rubbing containing hormone cream or cosmetics;
5. Oily skin or acne damages the skin after healing;
6. Age: Perhaps age growth is an important cause of skin sensitivity. Some people have not been sensitive to skin in previous years, but have become sensitive in recent years. This is because young and healthy skin has a weak acidic sebum film on the surface to keep moisture to protect the skin from external aggression. However, with the increase of age, this layer of sebum film is not as healthy as before, so that some sensitive substances Easy to invade the skin;
7. Pets: Sensitive skin is prone to allergies due to the fur of domestic pets. The reason for this allergic to pets is mainly due to the protein secreted by the oil glands of cats and dogs. When the pets are licking, these proteins are stained on the fur and then scattered into the air and attached to the person. Caused by the skin;
8. Seasonal change: Due to various environmental factors, sensitizing substances such as bacterial spores and pollen scattered in the air will release a large amount of compound, which is almost all the tissues of the human body, histamine, causing facial skin allergies;
9. Temperature change: The temperature is hot and cold, which makes the sensitive people's face red and hot;
10. Ultraviolet rays: Ultraviolet radiation causes facial skin irritation.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Allergen tester skin test immunopathological examination antigen intradermal test skin prick test
Prick check allergens
The prick test can be regarded as a special intradermal test, which is an allergen detection method currently recommended by the international community, especially in Europe and the United States. Because it is a skin puncture, it is only one ten thousandth of the intradermal test. It has high safety and sensitivity and high accuracy. Because the skin lesion is small, the patient has no pain, just like the mosquito, it has gradually replaced. A traditional intradermal test.
principle:
When an allergen enters the skin, patients with a rapid allergic reaction to certain substances immediately and specifically cause degranulation of mast cells in the skin, releasing active substances such as histamine, resulting in local telangiectasia (erythema) ), increased capillary permeability (edema, wheal), positive means that the antigen is allergic.
Total IgE detection
The total IgE test is a means of detecting the body's allergies and is an important indicator of allergies. When it is elevated, there is no parasitic infection, indicating that the patient is in an allergic state.
Food intolerance
Clinically, many chronic diseases are related to food. After removing the problematic food, the symptoms will disappear. This is food intolerance. The food intolerance test is also the only means of detecting delayed response (IgG) for food allergies. Diarrhea, mouth ulcers, urticaria, hemorrhoids, migraine, fatigue, depression, asthma, sleep disorders, molars and other chronic symptoms, such as the cause of the disease, should be tested for food intolerance, may be food intolerance related.
UniCAP detection
The UniCAP automatic in vitro diagnostic system developed by Pharmacia of Sweden is the most advanced laboratory system for testing allergens in the world and has been confirmed by the International Clinical Laboratory Standards Committee. With its high safety and accurate and reliable test results, it has been confirmed by the World Health Organization and is internationally known as the gold standard for allergen testing. Principle: Allergens are covalently bound to the CAP cellulose solid phase carrier and react with specific IgE antibodies in patient serum samples. A standard curve is drawn based on the World Health Organization (WHO) IGE reference, and the IgE concentration in the sample can be derived from the fluorescence intensity. Type of test: It can detect more than 600 allergens including inhalation and food. With a simple blood sample collection, the results can be obtained quickly and accurately, and the degree of allergies can be detected. Because the test is accurate and can quantitatively measure the degree of allergies, the human error is greatly reduced, and the credibility of the test results is guaranteed, which provides a reliable basis for the doctor's clinical treatment.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of systemic allergic reactions:
1, systemic allergy and fever rash joint pain: acute allergic reaction triad is the clinical manifestations of acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis. That is, the patient has a systemic allergic reaction and fever, rash, joint pain.
2, drug allergic reaction: drug allergic reaction refers to the adverse reactions of patients with a specific constitution after using a certain drug. It is independent of the dose of the drug. The incidence of drug allergic reactions is not high. There are two main forms: one occurs at the time of administration, called immediate reaction; the other occurs after half an hour or even a few days, called delayed response. It is characterized by rash, asthma, and fever; in the case of shock, it can even be life-threatening. The main symptoms are swelling of the extremities, redness of the whole body, small papules, long blisters, and itchy body.
