narrowing of the airway
Introduction
Introduction Narrowing of the airway is a condition in which the lesion of the larynx or adjacent organs narrows the airway so that breathing difficulties occur. It is not an independent disease, but a group of syndromes. As the airway narrows, it can cause hypoxia. If the treatment is not timely, it can cause suffocation and endanger the patient's life. Common causes are contusions, bruises, crush injuries, cuts, injuries, burns, laryngotracheal intubation injuries, endoscopic injuries, etc. Middle-aged and elderly patients with more common laryngeal cancer, the development of laryngeal obstruction is slower, and children with laryngeal papilloma are more common.
Cause
Cause
(1) Inflammation: such as acute epiglottis, pediatric acute airway inflammation, acute laryngotracheal bronchitis.
(2) Foreign objects: especially large indentation foreign objects, such as plastic bottle caps, glass balls, large Chinese medicine pills, etc.
(3) Trauma: such as contusion, bruise, crush injury, cut injury, injury, burn, laryngotracheal intubation injury, endoscopic injury.
(D) edema: In addition to inflammation, trauma caused by laryngeal edema, edema caused by allergies, acute onset, rapid development.
(5) Tumors: Middle-aged and elderly patients are more common with laryngeal cancer, and the development of laryngeal obstruction is slower. Children with laryngeal papilloma are more common.
(6) Throat paralysis: bilateral vocal cord paralysis can not open and cause laryngeal obstruction, mostly due to thyroid surgery caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve.
(7) : Tetanus patients, asthma and foreign body stimuli cause throat blockage caused by throat.
(8) Malformation and scarring: the former is congenital and the latter is caused by trauma.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Chest CT chest CT examination
Asymptomatic when crying, crying, mild inspiratory difficulty during activities. Severely inhalation, there is mild inspiratory dyspnea, which is aggravated during activities, but does not affect sleep and eating. The symptoms of hypoxia are not obvious. More serious is that during the inhalation period, the breathing difficulty is obvious, the throat sounds louder, and the external soft tissue such as the upper sternal fossa and the supraclavicular fossa are obviously inflated. Due to lack of oxygen, irritability, difficulty falling asleep, and reluctance to eat. The patient's pulse is accelerated, the blood pressure is increased, and the heartbeat is strong and powerful, that is, the circulatory system compensatory function is still good. Breathing is extremely difficult in critical situations. Due to severe hypoxia and carbon dioxide accumulation in the body, the patient is restless, with cold sweat, pale or cyanosis, incontinence, weak pulse, irregular heartbeat and decreased blood pressure. If you do not rescue in time, you may die due to suffocation and heart failure.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Clinically often differentiated from lung cancer.
Symptoms caused by primary lung cancer:
1. Cough, mostly irritating cough.
2. The blood in the sputum is mostly bloodshot.
3. Chest tightness and chest pain, the general symptoms are light and the positioning is blurred. When the cancer invades the pleura and chest wall, the pain is intensified and the positioning is clear and constant.
4. Shortness of breath, pneumonia caused by obstruction of cancer, atelectasis, malignant pleural effusion, diffuse alveolar lesions, etc. can be caused.
5. Fever, obstructive pneumonia or cancerous toxins.
6. Patients with advanced disease may have more obvious cachexia.
