skin calcium deposits
Introduction
Introduction Calcium salts are deposited in the skin or subcutaneous tissue to form hard as bone-like papules, nodules or tumor-like lesions. They can ulcerate and form ulcers and scars. They are more common in older children and are more susceptible to friction and crushing of limbs. At the site, calcification can be seen by X-ray examination. Often secondary to connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Cause
Cause
1. Idiopathic skin calcium sinkers, the cause is unknown, can be divided into:
1 generalized: gradual deposition of calcium salts (especially phosphate) in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue and muscle, no local tissue damage or systemic metabolic defects.
2 Limitations: Calcium salts are deposited in a few parts, especially in the joints.
3 subepidermal calcified nodules (focal nodular skin calcification): sometimes difficult to distinguish with limitations.
4 tumor-like calcinosis: many large tumor-like skin calcium deposits, often family history, accompanied by hyperphosphatemia.
2. Malnutrition Calcium, can be secondary to the disease:
1 tumor: benign such as calcified epithelioma, hair blastoma, lipoma, hemangioma; malignant such as basal cell epithelial cancer, liposarcoma and so on.
2 cysts: such as epidermal cysts, sebaceous cysts, cystic cysts and so on.
3 trauma: such as soft tissue damage caused by hematoma caused by calcification.
4 Denaturation: such as subcutaneous fat necrosis and elastic pseudo-jaundice in infants.
5 inflammation: non-specific inflammation such as acne, insect bites, varicose ulcers.
6 infection: such as tuberculosis and histoplasmosis can cause calcium and even calcium deposits in the skin.
7 connective tissue diseases: such as dermatomyositis and hard skin purchase, especially CRST syndrome with cutaneous calcification, acral arterial spasm, finger scleroderma and telangiectasia.
3. Metastatic calcinosis The following systemic or metabolic changes can be secondary to this disease:
1 hypercalcemia: such as hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D or excessive intake of milk and calcium, extensive bone destruction caused by cancer metastasis, multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis.
2 hyperphosphatemia: such as hypoparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis and so on.
3 normal blood calcium, blood phosphate disease: such as pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Urine routine blood routine blood biochemistry six examination X-ray cephalometric measurement
Signs performance:
(1) Universal calcium deposition: There is progressive calcium deposition in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which is characterized by hard nodules and plaques, with material outflow. Clinically, the performance of metastatic calcification is very similar. Some patients may have myositis, and the diagnosis cannot be confirmed in the acute phase.
(2) Localized calcium deposition: manifested as a single nodule of the extremities and the face, especially the eyelids (the subcutaneous calcified nodules, skin stones). Early childhood is more common, more common in boys. Most nodules are hyperkeratotic and tender. Rare can exist at birth, occasionally multiple skin lesions.
(3) Limited type idiopathic calcium deposition: also manifested as a single nodule of the limbs, which occurs in the fingers and elbows.
(4) Tumor-like calcium deposition: Large deposits occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, especially around the bony prominence (hip, elbow and shoulder). More women than men (2:1), especially young women. Radiographic examination revealed deep deposits.
(5) scrotal idiopathic skin hypercalcification: its childhood or early adult onset, manifested as multiple asymptomatic skin color or yellow indefinite nodules, often with granular white matter-like material outflow. Chronic inflammatory cells and calcified debris are sometimes excreted through the epidermis. The course of the disease is slow, and it lasts for several years and eventually healed. This type is a special type of idiopathic cutaneous calcification and is rarely seen clinically.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
(1) Universal calcium deposition: There is progressive calcium deposition in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which is characterized by hard nodules and plaques, with material outflow. Clinically, the performance of metastatic calcification is very similar. Some patients may have myositis, and the diagnosis cannot be confirmed in the acute phase.
(2) Localized calcium deposition: manifested as a single nodule of the extremities and the face, especially the eyelids (the subcutaneous calcified nodules, skin stones). Early childhood is more common, more common in boys. Most nodules are hyperkeratotic and tender. Rare can exist at birth, occasionally multiple skin lesions.
(3) Limited type idiopathic calcium deposition: also manifested as a single nodule of the limbs, which occurs in the fingers and elbows.
(4) Tumor-like calcium deposition: Large deposits occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, especially around the bony prominence (hip, elbow and shoulder). More women than men (2:1), especially young women. Radiographic examination revealed deep deposits.
(5) scrotal idiopathic skin hypercalcification: its childhood or early adult onset, manifested as multiple asymptomatic skin color or yellow indefinite nodules, often with granular white matter-like material outflow. Chronic inflammatory cells and calcified debris are sometimes excreted through the epidermis. The course of the disease is slow, and it lasts for several years and eventually healed. This type is a special type of idiopathic cutaneous calcification and is rarely seen clinically.
