increased estrogen in urine
Introduction
Introduction Determination of estrogen in urine: There are three main types of estrogen in the urine, namely estrone, estradiol and estriol. Estrogen has different normal values in different stages of menstrual cycle in women of childbearing age. In the first 7 days of menstrual cycle, estrogen levels are very low, and then rise with the development of follicles, reaching a peak on the 13th day, called ovulation peak. After a sudden decline, it gradually rose, and reached the peak on the 21st day, called the peak of the corpus luteum. Later, it will drop to menstrual cramps. Functional uterine bleeding estrogen levels are maintained below normal levels. The level of estrogen in uterine amenorrhea is normal, but the ovarian function is defective or the congenital ovary is not developed and causes amenorrhea. The estrogen level is low, but there is no periodic change. The pituitary or subthalamic amenorrhea, the estrogen level is generally lower. . In patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumors, patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumors have higher levels of estrogen in the urine. Ovarian granulosa cell tumor is a common tumor in ovarian cord stromal tumors, and about 40% of the stromal tumors are low-grade malignant, with clinical features of late recurrence. According to its pathological morphology, it is divided into adult type granulosa cell tumor and juvenile type granulosa cell tumor. Although 97% of juvenile granulosa cell tumors occur before the age of 30, the exact diagnosis is still the pathological tissue morphology of the tumor rather than the age of onset. In addition to pathologically diagnosed juvenile granulosa cell tumors, the remaining granulosa cell tumors are collectively referred to as adult granulosa cell tumors. Ovarian vesicular cell tumors are basically benign tumors. It has obvious endocrine function, tumor cells can secrete estrogen, and when it is yellow or cystic, a few can have masculine function. There are only reports of malignant vesicular cell tumors.
Cause
Cause
In addition to the pathologically diagnosed juvenile granulosa cell tumor, the granulosa cell tumors are collectively referred to as adult granulosa cell tumors. Ovarian vesicular cell tumors are basically benign tumors. It has obvious endocrine function, tumor cells can secrete estrogen, and when it is yellow or cystic, a few can have masculine function. There are only reports of malignant vesicular cell tumors. The cause of granulosa cell tumors is unclear. But the study found that 58% of the genetic defects in DNA replication errors.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Urine routine estrogen withdrawal test estrogen test chest CT examination stimulant urine test
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors are tumors with clinical features. The patient's accessory found that the mass was accompanied by obvious symptoms of endocrine disorders caused by estrogen stimulation, and the diagnosis was difficult. For patients with atypical clinical symptoms, it should be analyzed and identified according to the age, tumor size, texture and auxiliary examination. There are still a few patients with a more accurate diagnosis, which needs to be confirmed by intraoperative frozen pathological examination.
In recent years, cytogenetics has also been meaningfully explored and studied for granulosa cell tumors. Some scholars have found that p53 tumor suppressor genes are often overexpressed in epithelial tumors, which are not common in granulosa cell tumors; granulosa cell tumors lack G protein tumor genes (gip2). Trisomy 12 has been reported in granulosa cell tumors. Shashi et al. further pointed out that although not all benign granulosa cell tumors have 12-trisomy, there are 12-trisomy granulosa cell tumors. Most are clinically benign. Tanyi et al. reported two cases of juvenile granulosa cell tumors with chromosome 12 and pregnancy.
Anti-Mulleria hormone is a tumor marker that has been reported many times to aid diagnosis. In terms of tumor markers, Flemruing et al. have found that inhibin antibodies help to identify granulosa cell tumors and general soft tissue tumors; they can also be used as tumor markers in serum to detect tumors before clinical symptoms appear. relapse. Weidner et al reported that labeled MIC2 antibodies to Ewing sarcoma (primary peripheral neuroectodermal tumor) can label normal ovarian granulosa cells and granulosa cell tumors for the diagnosis of granulosa cell tumors. Santala et al. (2001) reported a case of juvenile granulosa cell tumor. Combined with hyperprolactinemia.
These findings provide meaningful insights into the diagnosis and monitoring of granulosa cell tumors. If clinical applications are introduced in the future, they will greatly contribute to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of granulosa cell tumors.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
It is necessary to identify 17-steroids in the urine, 17-steroids in the urine, determination of gestational diol in urine, determination of gonadotropic hormones, and elevation of various hormones.
