Urinary occult blood
Introduction
Introduction Urine occult blood, also known as "occult blood", occurs in the urine or cerebrospinal fluid of the feces due to a certain part of the body bleeding. It must be detected with chemical reagents or test paper, and cannot be detected by eye or microscope. Also called occult blood. Normal urine occult blood test was negative.
Cause
Cause
Generally speaking, it can be attributed to the following three reasons, one is inflammation, the other is stone, and then the tumor. Regarding inflammation, such as glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, etc., in addition to possible hematuria, urine test will also have urinary occult blood, stones itself, whether it is kidney, ureter or bladder stones, may cause urinary occult blood In other situations, such as the physiological period, constipation may also cause occult blood.
What is really worrying is the urinary occult blood caused by tumors, such as benign or malignant tumors of the kidney, bladder, and ureter. Of course, older men have hyperplasia of the prostate because of excess hemorrhage, bladder inflammation, and prostate surface. Blood vessel congestion, coupled with difficulty in urinating, may cause hematuria or urinary occult blood after exerting urinary urination. In fact, prostate hypertrophy is also a kind of tumor, it is a tumor of the prostate gland, due to hyperplasia. Hypertrophy, so the tumor of the urinary tract can not be taken lightly.
Basically, urinary occult blood has different considerations in different ages and genders. For example, young women find urinary occult blood during urine examination. In addition to clinical symptoms, you should ask whether it is a proper physiological period. Cystitis is a common cause; Males 30-40 years old, if there is no obvious symptoms of inflammation, sometimes you should take a radiograph of the abdomen to see if there is any possibility of stones, hematuria or occult blood in elderly men, and prostate cancer is listed as the main consideration. In addition, further intravenous pyelography or ultrasonography should be performed to see if there is a tumor in the urinary system.
In addition, urine cytology to see if there is malignant cells in the urinary epithelium that is shed in the urine is also one of the ways to detect malignant tumors, if X-ray, ultrasound and urine Cytological examination is normal, there is still urinary occult blood, it is best to receive bladder urethroscopic examination, because X-ray, ultrasound is restrictive, not all tumors can be seen, this time only by the naked eye directly observed The lesion (bladder urethroscopic), if these tests are not abnormally found, we call this urinary occult blood or hematuria "benign causes of unexplained hematuria", may be related to the body's immune mechanism, only need to track regularly in the future Just fine.
Urine occult blood plagues some people, and a very small percentage is caused by tumors. It can't be taken lightly. If you have no flaws after a series of tests, you can calmly face no need to worry too much. In addition, urinary occult blood is a hematuria reaction that is invisible to the naked eye. It is not easy for people to self-inspect. It is recommended that the public develop a habit of regular health checkups. Once a year, urine tests can keep the urinary tract healthy and healthy.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Urine routine renal function test
Urine routine examination, a check of blood cells in the urine, two check the urine in the tube, both under the high power microscope to view. Urinary occult blood vessels + -, there are a small number of blood cells in the urine, so the microscope can be vaguely seen By the way, the medical symbol is expressed as (+), that is, positive; the tubular type can also see a small amount under the microscope, but it is lower than the standard base in a certain field of view, so it is expressed as (-), that is, negative. Urine routine Some items on the analysis test list appear with "+" or "+++"... or numbers, indicating different degrees.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of urinary occult blood:
1. Urine protein (PR0)
Normal urine routine tests are generally free of protein, or only trace amounts. Increased urine protein and continued to appear more common in kidney disease. However, fever, strenuous exercise, and urinary protein may occur by chance during pregnancy. Therefore, it is necessary to follow up and identify the cause when there is protein in the urine.
2. Urine sugar (GLU)
Urine sugar positive should be combined with clinical analysis, may be diabetes, or may be due to renal glycoside threshold caused by renal glucosuria, should be combined with blood glucose testing and related examination results to confirm the diagnosis. Because vitamin C and aspirin in the urine can affect the results of urine sugar, vitamin C and aspirin should be stopped 24 hours before the urine sugar check.
3. Urinary red blood cells (RBC)
In the field of high power microscope, more than 5 urinary red blood cells, called microscopic hematuria; when a lot of red blood cells, called "human hematuria", can be seen in urinary system inflammation, infection, stones, tumors, etc., should be added, and immediately Go to the urology specialist for further examination to determine the location and cause of hematuria.
4. Urine white blood cells (WBC)
Under the vision of each high power microscope, more than 5 urine white blood cells, called white blood cell urine, a lot of white blood cells, called pyuria, it means urinary tract infections, such as pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis and so on.
5. Urine epithelial cells (SPC)
There is a small clinical significance of a small amount of epithelial cells in the urine; when a large number of occurrences, if the vaginal secretions can be excluded, it is necessary to consider the presence of urinary system inflammation. At this time, if the urinary epithelial cell morphology is added, the source of the epithelial cells can be determined.
6. Urine type (KLG)
The appearance of tube type in the urine, especially the granular tube type and the cell tube type are markers of substantial lesions of the kidney.
7. Urinary bilirubin (UBG), urinary bilirubin (BIL)
Urinary bilirubin and urinary bilirubin positive, more suggestive of the presence of jaundice, help the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of jaundice.
8. Urine nitrite (NIT)
Urine nitrite is mainly used for screening tests for urinary tract infections. Nitrate is negative in fresh urine, such as specimens placed for too long or bacterial growth can be false positive.
