clubfoot
Introduction
Introduction Horseshoe valgus foot is also called congenital malformation foot. It is a common congenital malformation, mostly unilateral foot deformity, but it can also be bilateral. When the deformity is obvious, the child can be found at birth. Early treatment, the effect is better, but the deformity may still recur after treatment, so regular follow-up until the bones mature, about 14 years old.
Cause
Cause
Horseshoe valgus foot is also called congenital malformation foot. It is a common congenital malformation, mostly unilateral foot deformity, but it can also be bilateral. When the deformity is obvious, the child can be found at birth. Early treatment, the effect is better, but the deformity may still recur after treatment, so regular follow-up until the bones mature, about 14 years old.
1. The original bone matrix dysplasia theory: The original embryo defect in the talus causes persistent talus and varus of the talus, and secondary soft tissue changes of multiple joints and muscle tendon complexes.
2. Neuromuscular theory: The primary abnormality of soft tissue in the neuromuscular unit causes secondary bone changes, and the calf muscles are obviously atrophied, and the improvement is not obvious after treatment.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
CT examination of bone and joint MRI
When the foot valgus deformity is obvious, it can be diagnosed according to the shape at birth, but if the foot is everted and the sag is not obvious at birth, it needs to be carefully examined. The simplest method of checking is to hold the front of the child's foot with your hand. The foot moves in all directions. When the foot moves to the outside, if there is resistance, there may be a deformity, which needs further examination. In the late stage, the deformity is more serious. X-ray examination can find that the foot bone has been abnormally arranged. .
1. X-ray examination: objective evaluation of the diagnosis of the degree of deformity of the clubfoot and the therapeutic effect.
2. B-ultrasound: It is a routine examination that can be used to diagnose infantile clubfoot. It has an irreplaceable role in the observation of cartilage.
3. MRI and CT: Scanning is also recommended for preoperative and postoperative assessment of congenital clubfoot deformities, but most patients do not need these tests.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The disease is easy to diagnose, but sometimes it needs to be differentiated from the paralytic toe valgus foot caused by the incomplete closure of the neural tube.
(1) Paralytic valgus valgus has a weakened triceps, posterior tibial muscle or long flexor muscles. X-ray examination can detect laminar fissures below 3,4.
(2) Congenital vertical talus is a convex valgus foot caused by dislocation of the scaphoid joint. Due to the displacement of the talus head to the ankle, the talus can be found in the lateral position of the bony ridge on the sole of the foot. The central axis of the talus is located on the posterior and temporal sides of the tibia.
