squamous epithelium
Introduction
Introduction Squamous epithelial cells are a type of epithelial cell tissue. Epithelial tissue, also called epithelium, is an important structure that lining or covering other tissues. It consists of dense epithelial cells and a small amount of intercellular substance. The structural feature is that the cells are tightly bound and the intercellular substance is small. It usually has the functions of protection, absorption, secretion and excretion. Epithelial tissue can be divided into two categories: epithelial (squamous epithelium) and glandular epithelium.
Cause
Cause
The cancer that occurs in the squamous epithelium becomes squamous cell carcinoma, and its cause is:
1. Ultraviolet radiation, radiation or thermal radiation damage;
2. Chemical carcinogens: such as arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coal tar, creosote, paraffin, etc.;
3. Viral infections: in particular, human papillomavirus type 16, 18, 30 and 33 infections;
4. Some precancerous skin diseases: such as sun keratosis, leukoplakia, arsenic keratosis;
5. Some chronic skin diseases: such as chronic ulcers, chronic myelitis, etc.;
6. Genetic factors: Some hereditary skin diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum and albinism have a higher incidence of this disease.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Skin cancer detection skin color skin disease physical examination skin elasticity examination
Epidermal keratinization, the tumor consists of squamous epithelial cell mass, irregularly infiltrated into the dermis, the spine cells are neoplastic, with a cord-like or nested cell mass, with a basal cell layer at the edge and a horn at the center. The cancerous beads have many schizophrenia in the cancer cell mass, and the surrounding lymphocytes and plasma cells are infiltrated.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
A combination of medical history and examination can differentiate the diagnosis.
1. Pay attention to the age of onset, the location of cancer, and occupation. Whether there is long-term wind and sun or sea life history, whether there is smoking habits and chronic heat stimulation, whether there is unstable scar, chronic osteomyelitis, chronic ulcer history.
2. Pay attention to whether the lesion is rough, desquamation, ulceration, etc., and the adjacent lymph nodes and regional lymph nodes are swollen and fixed.
3. Chest X-ray examination, suspected bone destruction fashion should be a bone X-ray film.
4. Adjacent lymph node resection for pathological examination.
(1) Other tumors derived from the lining epithelium in the breast organs must be excluded. To diagnose primary squamous cell pain in the breast, the nipple, skin and its appendage tumors must be excluded first, especially tumors of epidermoid cyst origin. Therefore, the diagnosis should be fully taken, multi-slice, carefully examined under the microscope, and strictly grasp the diagnostic criteria.
(B) It is necessary to rule out the possibility of metastasis of other areas of squamous gallbladder to the breast: most breast cancers are primary and rarely metastatic. Hajdu et al. saw 4000 cases of breast cancer in 10 years, including 51 cases of metastatic breast cancer, the incidence rate was 1.2%. Although malignant tumors that are transferred from other sites to the breast are rare, there are many types, such as various malignant lymphomas, leukemias, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoid tumors, and lung cancer. Therefore, the diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast should be more cautious. The oral cavity, lung and bronchus, esophagus, bladder and other parts should be thoroughly examined.
(C) Differentiation from other types of breast cancer with squamous metaplasia: all or most of the primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a typical highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma structure, which may be accompanied by a small amount of intraductal cancer components; The latter is only a squamous metaplasia with different degrees of visible breast cancer. It is worth mentioning that squamous metaplasia often shows undifferentiation, that is, squamous epithelial cells show malignant characteristics, and should be alert to not diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma.
Epidermal keratinization, the tumor consists of squamous epithelial cell mass, irregularly infiltrated into the dermis, the spine cells are neoplastic, with a cord-like or nested cell mass, with a basal cell layer at the edge and a horn at the center. The cancerous beads have many schizophrenia in the cancer cell mass, and the surrounding lymphocytes and plasma cells are infiltrated.
