Thickening of lung markings on both sides
Introduction
Introduction Chronic bronchitis patients can be seen in the X-ray examination of the two lungs thickening, the specific cause is still unclear, chest fluoroscopy, chest radiographs and other examination items can be seen two lungs texture thickening, disorder, mesh or cord And spotted shadows. Active treatment of the primary disease can improve the symptoms. Strengthening exercise, improving diet and actively preventing chronic bronchitis can play an effective preventive role.
Cause
Cause
The cause is not fully understood, and the cause is generally divided into two aspects: external cause and internal cause:
(1) External causes
1 Smoking: Both domestic and foreign studies have shown that smoking is closely related to the occurrence of chronic bronchitis. The longer the smoking time, the greater the amount of smoke and the higher the prevalence. After quitting smoking, the symptoms can be alleviated or disappeared, the condition can be alleviated, and even healed.
2 Infectious factors: Infection is an important factor in the development of chronic bronchitis, mainly viral and bacterial infections, rhinovirus, mucus virus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus are more common. A bacterial infection can be secondary to the infection of the airway mucosa by a mixed infection of the virus or virus with mycoplasma. From the results of sputum culture, it was found that Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcal, Streptococcus aureus and Neisseria were the most common. Although infection is closely related to the onset of chronic bronchitis, there is currently no sufficient evidence to suggest that it is the first cause. It is only considered to be a secondary infection of chronic bronchitis and an important factor that aggravates the development of the lesion.
3 physical and chemical factors: such as irritating smoke, dust, air pollution (such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, chlorine, ozone, etc.) chronic stimulation, often one of the predisposing factors of chronic bronchitis. Workers exposed to industrial irritating dust and harmful gases have a higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis than those who do not. Therefore, air pollution is also an important cause of the disease.
4 Climate: Cold is often an important cause and cause of chronic bronchitis. The onset and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis are common in the cold winter season, especially when the climate changes suddenly. Cold air stimulates the respiratory tract. In addition to weakening the defense function of the upper respiratory tract mucosa, it can also cause bronchial smooth muscle contraction, mucosal blood circulation disorder and discharge of secretions through reflection, which is conducive to secondary infection.
5 allergic factors: According to the survey, asthmatic bronchitis often has a history of allergies. The number of eosinophils and histamine content in the patient's sputum increased, indicating that some patients are related to allergic factors. Dust, dust mites, bacteria, fungi, parasites, pollen, and chemical gases can all become allergic factors and cause disease.
(2) Internal factors
1 Local defense of the respiratory tract and reduction of immune function: normal human respiratory tract has perfect defense function, which has the function of filtering, warming and moistening the inhaled air; mucus ciliary movement of the trachea and bronchial mucosa, and cough reflex, etc., can purify or exclude foreign bodies And excessive secretions; immunoglobulins (IgA) are also secreted in the bronchioles and alveoli, which have antiviral and bacterial effects, so under normal conditions, the lower respiratory tract remains sterile. Localized or localized defense of the respiratory tract and weakened immune function can provide intrinsic conditions for the onset of chronic bronchitis. The elderly often suffer from decreased immune function in the respiratory tract, decreased immunoglobulins, degraded respiratory defense function, and decreased mononuclear-phagocyte system function.
2 autonomic dysfunction: When the parasympathetic response of the respiratory tract is increased, the weak stimulation that does not work for normal people can cause bronchoconstriction, increased secretions, and cough, cough, and asthma.
Based on the above factors, when the body's resistance is weakened, the airway has one or more external factors on the basis of different degrees of sensitivity (susceptibility), and it can develop into chronic bronchitis after long-term repeated action. If long-term smoking damages the respiratory mucosa, and repeated infection with microorganisms, chronic bronchitis can occur, and even develop chronic obstructive emphysema or chronic pulmonary heart disease.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Chest flat chest chest perspective chest CT examination chest B blood routine
There is no obvious change in the early stage. Repeated acute authors showed that the texture of the two lungs was thickened and disordered, showing a reticular or strip-like and spotted shadow. The following lung fields were most obvious. This is due to thickening of the bronchial wall, infiltration or fibrosis of bronchial or alveolar interstitial inflammatory cells.
Increased bronchial lung texture: manifested as uneven thickness of the lung texture, which often contains deformation texture and small honeycomb shadow, common in chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and so on.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Increased vascular lung texture: large lung texture, the characteristics of maintaining blood vessels from the hilar to the lung, often accompanied by increased cardiac performance, mainly seen in rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease.
Increased lymphatic lung texture: The lung texture is a fine network in both lungs, which is common in pneumoconiosis and cancerous lymphangitis.
Increased smoking lung texture: showing increased lung texture, but normal walking, mainly due to carbon deposition caused by long-term smoking.
Increased physiological lung texture: mainly seen in the elderly and obese. The former is due to the relatively abundant lung interstitium in the elderly, which shows an increase in lung texture on the chest X-ray; the latter is due to the obesity of the subject, increased subcutaneous fat, resulting in increased X-ray absorption, resulting in increased lung texture on the chest radiograph. The illusion of.
