Oral phantom
Introduction
Introduction In industrial production, heavy metals, polymer compounds and toxic gases are often used. After exposure to these toxic substances, the poisons enter the human body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, skin and mucous membranes, directly or indirectly acting on the brain. Symptoms appear to be disordered and have psychiatric symptoms. The oral hallucinations are typical symptoms of mental disorders caused by acute poisoning of tetraethyl lead. Patients feel that "there is something like hair and straw that comes out of the middle of the teeth." A piece of meat, as well as threatening and impulsive auditory hallucinations, is characterized by seizures and coma in severe cases.
Cause
Cause
(1) Causes of the disease
1. Mental disorders caused by lead poisoning Lead is a neurotropic and hemolytic poison. After entering the human body, there are mainly long bone trabeculae, a small amount in the internal organs, soft tissues and blood, the latter is toxic to the body. Poisoning, general inorganic lead compounds cause chronic poisoning, lead poisoning is more common in lead mining, smelting, glass and battery manufacturing, paints, pigments, rubber printing, typesetting and other industries and departments, or accidentally, more lead-containing drugs, When lead poisoning, toxic substances act directly or indirectly on the brain, causing disorder of normal physiological functions of the brain and causing mental symptoms.
2. Mental disorders caused by tetraethyl lead poisoning Tetraethyl lead is an organic lead, a colorless, transparent, highly fat-soluble, volatile, highly toxic industrial poison used in aviation, automobiles and In the tractor industry, it is mainly used as an explosion-proof agent for power gasoline. The way to enter the body is to inhale the vapor from the respiratory tract or absorb it from the skin to cause poisoning.
3. Mental disorders caused by mercury poisoning Mercury poisoning is found in the mining and smelting of mercury mines and in all instrument manufacturing industries using mercury. Mercury is a silvery white liquid metal that evaporates at room temperature. Metallic mercury vapor flows with gas, mainly through The respiratory tract invades the human body. Metallic mercury can be absorbed by the skin. Mercury vapor is absorbed in the lungs through the respiratory tract. It reaches the organs and tissues with the blood, and is accumulated in the central nervous system and liver, kidney and other organs, causing poisoning. The industry is mostly chronic poisoning.
4. Mental disorders caused by manganese poisoning Manganese poisoning is common in manganese ore mining, manganese metal smelting and workers in ceramics, glass, plastics, dry batteries, etc. Manganese is mainly in the form of manganese dust through the respiratory tract into the blood, selective action In the central nervous system, the striatum and globus pallidus, the subcortical nucleus is damaged, and autonomic dysfunction occurs, mainly chronic poisoning.
5. Mental disorders caused by carbon disulfide poisoning Carbon disulfide is widely used in the manufacture of viscose fiber and rubber industry. It is a colorless oil with highly volatile solvent. It is a systemic neurotoxic substance that can cause damage to the nervous system. Mainly invaded the human body by the respiratory tract.
6. Mental disorders caused by benzene poisoning Benzene is one of the widely used raw materials and solvents in the industry. It is a volatile liquid, which is mainly inhaled into the body by the respiratory tract. The skin can also absorb a small amount. When acute poisoning, its toxic effect is mainly the damage center. In the nervous system, bone marrow and blood changes play a major role in chronic poisoning.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
White blood cell count (WBC) white blood cell count hemoglobin
1. The mental disorder caused by lead poisoning is mostly chronic poisoning caused by general inorganic lead compounds. Acute poisoning is very rare, mainly manifested as a syndrome of mental nerves and body.
(1) Acute poisoning:
1 Psychic symptoms: mainly due to the sudden occurrence of acute paralysis, due to visual hallucinations, patients show fear, anxiety, excitement, and can be murdered.
2 physical symptoms: limb convulsions, epileptic seizures, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, toxic liver disease and kidney disease, and anemia.
(2) Chronic poisoning:
1 Psychic symptoms: cerebral weakness syndrome is an early symptom of chronic lead poisoning, mainly intractable headache, head subsidence, tight head, fatigue, weakness, body muscle and joint pain, insomnia, memory loss, severe toxic encephalopathy, mental performance Slow, emotional apathy, mental decline and personality changes.
2 symptoms and signs of the body system:
A. Toxic neuritis: can be expressed as motor-induced polyneuritis, such as: decreased grip, hand and foot muscle weakness, muscle paralysis and carpal ptosis, foot ptosis; also visible sensory polyneuritis, such as numbness of the extremities and extremities Gloves, sock-type sensory disability.
B. Hand tremors, convulsions, epileptic seizures.
C. Digestive system symptoms: loss of appetite, metallic sweetness in the mouth, lead in the gums, nausea, constipation, lead-induced abdominal cramps.
D. Hematopoietic system symptoms: Chronic lead poisoning, due to pathological hyperplasia of red blood cells in the bone marrow, a large number of immature red blood cells containing basophilic substances - reticulocytes, red blood cells and multi-stained red blood cells, severe patients Mild hypochromic anemia, urinary brown pigment, increased urinary porphyrin and increased lead in urine can be an important basis for lead poisoning.
2. Mental disorders caused by tetraethyl lead poisoning Tetraethyl lead poisoning is particularly damaging to the central nervous system. It is characterized by psychiatric symptoms and autonomic dysfunction. After recovery, it often leaves a persistent and weak state.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Mental symptoms cannot be attributed to other mental illnesses. That is to rule out other diseases that cause consciousness and mental disorders. Diagnostic examination of mental disorders caused by industrial poisoning
1. Electroencephalogram caused by manganese poisoning EEG is mild and moderate abnormality. The rhythm decreases, the amplitude decreases, the low amplitude activity increases, the wave and wave dispersion increase, and the paroxysmal activity occurs, indicating that manganese has a certain influence on brain bioelectricity. The subclinical stage of manganese poisoning can cause abnormalities in brain electrical activity. EEG examination is helpful in the diagnosis of manganese poisoning.
2. Mental disorders caused by carbon monoxide poisoning
(1) EEG in acute carbon monoxide poisoning:
1 General slow wave anomalies, such as extensive delta waves, frontal paroxysmal delta waves, scattered or waves, rhythmic waves. This type is most common, and the form and duration of its slow wave are closely related to the degree of poisoning and the state of consciousness at the time of recording. For example, extensive delta waves are all seen in patients with severe poisoning and coma, indicating that the brain tissue is seriously affected by a lack of oxygen.
2 localized or one-sided slow wave abnormalities, mostly caused by focal lesions.
3 Special waveform anomalies, such as alpha coma: low to high amplitude alpha waves are widely distributed, and the anterior head is dominant. coma: a wide range of 14 to 20 Hz activity in each guide, bilaterally symmetric and obvious in the previous head. Spindle coma: The central region is dominated by rhythmic mid-range 12 to 13 Hz spindle waves with top waves. The burst-suppression wave is an explosive polymorphic complex with a silent period of electrical activity (volatility).
