fear of wind
Introduction
Introduction Symptoms and Diagnosis Rabies, also known as rabies, is an acute viral infection that attacks the central nervous system. All warm-blooded animals, including humans, may be infected. It is mostly obtained by biting animals. It is generally believed that mad dogs with white foam on the mouth bite into the infection. In fact, cats, white raccoons, raccoons, skunks, foxes or bats may also be sick and contagious. Diseased animals often become very savage, and the virus in the saliva enters the next patient from the bite wound.
Cause
Cause
After infection, not all of the people are infected. About 15-20% of the patients are bitten by the sick dog, and about 50% of the patients are bitten by the sick wolf. The incidence or the length of the incubation period is related to the following factors:
1 The site of the bite. The bite of the head, neck and hand is more common, and the incubation period is shorter; the bite is the opposite in the lower limbs.
2 degree of trauma. The wounds are large and deep, and there are many wounds with more onset and shorter incubation period.
3 local processing situation. After appropriate treatment, the incidence is less and the incubation period is longer.
4 dress thick. The thicker clothes on the bite have less onset and longer incubation period.
5 the application of adrenocortical hormone and mental over-stress (such as fear of rabies), sometimes can induce the disease.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Neurological examination, brain MRI, cranial nerve examination, electroencephalography
1. Clinical diagnosis: mainly based on the clinical symptoms described above.
When the symptoms of the prodromal period are not obvious, it is generally difficult to diagnose. Ask if there is a history of bite, or if there is any abnormality in the wound to help diagnose. If there is a typical fear of water or pharyngeal fistula, it is not difficult to diagnose.
What needs to be differentiated from other diseases in the diagnosis is:
(1) Rabies phobia: These patients are often people with rabies knowledge or who have seen rabies patients. This kind of person is very terrible about rabies, and there is a mental horror in the painful face of the bite. However, this patient has no low-grade fever, and there is no real convulsion in the throat muscles. There is no fear of water.
(2) Tetanus: The symptoms of the two have similarities, but the latent period of tetanus is short, 6-14 days, with a history of trauma. There are typical symptoms such as tightness of the jaws, angulation of the horns and long-term ankylosing systemic sputum, while rabies is mainly local sputum and has a short duration.
(3) meningitis, encephalitis, often confused with the symptoms of rabies prodromes. However, there is no history of bite, mental state is dull, lethargy, coma and convulsions, and the symptoms of rabies are clear, panic and anxiety. In addition, rabies should be distinguished from polio, central nervous drug poisoning, and uremia.
2, laboratory diagnosis: basal body test in brain tissue; fluorescent immunoassay for antibody; secretion animal inoculation experiment; serological antibody test; reverse transcription PCR method to check viral RNA.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
What needs to be differentiated from other diseases in the diagnosis is:
(1) Rabies phobia: These patients are often people with rabies knowledge or who have seen rabies patients. This kind of person is very terrible about rabies, and there is a mental horror in the painful face of the bite. However, this patient has no low-grade fever, and there is no real convulsion in the throat muscles. There is no fear of water.
(2) Tetanus: The symptoms of the two have similarities, but the latent period of tetanus is short, 6-14 days, with a history of trauma. There are typical symptoms such as tightness of the jaws, angulation of the horns and long-term ankylosing systemic sputum, while rabies is mainly local sputum and has a short duration.
(3) meningitis, encephalitis, often confused with the symptoms of rabies prodromes. However, there is no history of bite, mental state is dull, lethargy, coma and convulsions, and the symptoms of rabies are clear, panic and anxiety. In addition, rabies should be distinguished from polio, central nervous drug poisoning, and uremia.
