allergic rhinitis
Introduction
Introduction Allergic rhinitis, also known as allergic rhinitis, is an allergic disease of the nasal mucosa and can cause a variety of complications. Another type is induced by non-specific stimulation, non-specific allergen participation, not immune response process, but the clinical manifestations are similar to the above two types of allergic rhinitis, called vasomotor rhinitis or neuroreflex rhinitis, stimulation Can be from in vitro (physical, chemical), or from the body (endocrine, mental aspects), so it is considered to be allergic rhinitis, but because there is no antigen-antibody reaction in the body, so desensitization therapy, hormone or Immunotherapy is ineffective.
Cause
Cause
Allergic rhinitis can occur at any age, both men and women, and is easy to see in young people. The main reasons are:
(1) Inhalation allergens: such as indoor and outdoor dust, dust mites, fungi, animal skins, feathers, cotton wadding, etc., causing perennial seizures; plant pollen causes mostly seasonal attacks.
(2) Food allergens: such as fish and shrimp, eggs, milk, flour, peanuts, soybeans, etc. In particular, certain drugs, such as sulfonamides, quinine, antibiotics, etc., can cause disease.
(3) Contact materials such as cosmetics, gasoline, paint, alcohol, etc. Others may be certain bacteria and their toxins, physical factors (such as cold and heat changes, temperature is not adjusted), endocrine disorders or body fluid acid-base balance disorders can cause disease. It can also be present simultaneously or sequentially due to a variety of factors.
Examine
an examination
Therefore, in order to obtain a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to carry out various inspections.
(1) Inquire about the medical history in detail, and look for the cause of the past medical history and family history, especially allergic diseases.
(B) the main symptoms such as nasal itching, continuous sneezing, a large number of clear watery nose.
(C) anterior nasal examination: visible pale edema of the nasal mucosa, a large amount of water-like secretions, if due to persistent edema can occur nasal polyps or polypoid degeneration.
(D) nasal secretion smear examination: during the onset of allergic reactions, eosinophilic leukocytosis can be seen in the nasal secretions, and more eosinophils or mast cells can be found.
(5) Allergic challenge test: generally used skin test (scratch, intradermal and contact method, etc.), the principle is that there are a variety of hypothetical allergic substances, so that after contact with the body, depending on whether there is any reaction, can help diagnosis. This allergen can also be used for desensitization after the allergen diagnosis is clear.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis:
It is easier for typical cases, but it is often misunderstood as acute or chronic rhinitis because the medical history is not detailed or the symptoms are atypical. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct diagnosis.
1, acute rhinitis: acute rhinitis is an acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa, often accompanied by acute nasopharyngitis. The latter is an acute inflammation of the nasopharynx mucosa and is part of the upper respiratory tract infection, commonly known as "cold" or "cold". The disease often occurs in the season of climate change, which is caused by the spread of the virus by droplets. Cold, excessive fatigue, malnutrition, excessive alcohol and tobacco, etc. can cause the disease to decline, which can induce the disease. The virus can also cause bacteria that are originally present in the nose and nasopharynx to be active and multiply, causing secondary infection of bacteria.
2, chronic rhinitis: chronic rhinitis (chronic rhinitis) is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and submucosa. It is characterized by chronic congestion and swelling of the nasal mucosa, called chronic simple rhinitis. If it develops hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa and turbinate bone, it is called chronic hypertrophic rhinitis.
