Abnormal tendon reflexes
Introduction
Introduction Antidiuretic hormone (also known as vasopressin) is a 9-peptide hormone secreted by the neurons of the suprachiasmatic and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is released by the hypothalamic-pituitary bundle after reaching the neurohypophysis. Its main function is to improve the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubes to water and promote the absorption of water. It is a key regulating hormone for urine concentration and dilution. In addition, the hormone enhances the permeability of the inner medullary collecting duct to urea. After drinking plenty of water, the blood is diluted, the crystal osmotic pressure is reduced, and the anti-urea urea secretion is reduced.
Cause
Cause
The etiology and pathogenesis of the afferent nerve is the musculocutaneous nerve, the center is in the cervical spinal cord 5.6.7, the efferent nerve is the musculocutaneous nerve, and the biceps reflex is a physiological reflex. Spinal cord damage, muscle disease, peripheral neuropathy can cause an increase or decrease, and biceps tendon reflex abnormalities occur.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Ordinary fluoroscopy (fluoroscopy) cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase biceps reflex
The examiner used his thumb to press the biceps tendon slightly above the elbow joint, slamming the examiner's thumb, and showing forearm flexion. Pathological changes such as hyperreflexia, reduction or disappearance.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
(1) Gullian-Barre's syndrome
There is a history of infection, mainly showing the distal symmetry weakness of the extremities, which can affect the trunk and cranial nerves, and the feelings of the gloves and socks of the limbs are reduced or disappeared. Severe involvement of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm muscles leads to paralysis of the respiratory muscles. is flaccid, low muscle tone, biceps tendon reflex and other tendon reflexes weakened or disappeared, accompanied by distal limb numbness, burning sensation, radiculopathy, hyperesthesia, may have autonomic damage. Increased oral secretions, elevated blood pressure, sweating, salivation, skin flushing, arrhythmia and skin dystrophy, a few cases of sphincter dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid is a protein-cell separation phenomenon.
(two) polyneuritis (polyneuritis)
There are many medical history such as infection, poisoning, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disorders. Acute or chronic onset, distal limb sensation, dyskinesia, palsy or complete paralysis, decreased muscle tone, decreased or disappeared biceps and other tendon reflexes. Muscle atrophy, limb contracture and deformity may occur in the later stage. Early sensory disturbances are tenderness of the distal part of the limb, sensation of ants, burning pain and paresthesia. Later, deep and shallow sensation may decrease or disappear. The degree of sensory impairment can vary, and typical patients have a glove-like, sock-like distribution. The autonomic symptoms of smooth, dry or meager skin, crispy, sweaty or sweat-free nails are often evident.
(3) Dry damage on the brachial plexus
It is characterized by proximal lesions of the upper extremities, while the functions of the hands and fingers are retained, mainly deltoid, biceps, diaphragm and tendon tendon and atrophy. Sometimes the upper muscles, the inferior muscles and the subscapularis muscles can also spread. . Appearance of upper limbs can not be lifted, can not bend elbow, abduction, internal rotation and front reception. The biceps reflex disappears and the periosteal reflex is also likely to diminish. Because of the overlapping of the sensory fibers, it feels preserved, and there may be partial missing of the upper arm and the forearm.
(4) Cervical spondylopathy
More often in the 40 to 50 years old, more men than women, the onset is slower, oppression of 5 to 6 cervical nerve roots cause arm neuralgia. Root nerve pain occurs when the sensory nerve root is compressed, and muscle pain occurs when the motor nerve root is pressed. The root is numb or indeed electrical pain, located at the distal end of the upper limb, mostly on the forearm and the finger. Myalgia is often found in the proximal extremities, shoulders, and shoulder blades. It is characterized by persistent dull pain and short-term deep spur-like discomfort. Most shoulder movements are limited, and those with shorter disease often have tenderness near the shoulder. Second, triceps tendon reflexes can be reduced or lost.
