Nasal septum perforation
Introduction
Introduction Perforation of the nasal septum refers to the permanent perforation of the nasal septum through the nasal passages of both sides resulting from various causes. The shape, location and size of the perforations vary. For the early ulceration of the nasal septum, a 2% yellow mercury or antibiotic ointment may be applied locally; if it is caused by chromic acid, a 5% sodium thiosulfate ointment may be applied. Those with granulation and scarring on the perforated edge can be cauterized with 10% silver nitrate and coated with a protective ointment. Severe condition such as repeated large amount of nosebleed repair; according to different circumstances, the nasal septum mucosa reduction suture method, pedicled periosteal flap or mucosal flap transfer suture method and free tissue transplantation method. The treatment of this disease should focus on the treatment of the cause, and should even treat the cause first.
Cause
Cause
1. Trauma: Nasal septum abscess caused by nasal or nasal septum trauma, corrosive and irritating substances such as chromic acid, whisk, cement, lime, etc., long-term stimulation of ulcers caused by nasal septum mucosa.
2, nasal septum surgery or other treatment caused by symmetry damage of the mucosa on both sides of the nasal septum.
3, infection: acute infectious diseases: diphtheria, smallpox, typhoid, etc.; nasal specific infection: combined with lupus, leprosy (often caused by nasal septal cartilage necrosis).
4, tumor and malignant granuloma: the primary tumor in the nasal septum or nasal tumors sputum nasal septum.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Nasal examination
First, physical examination:
Taking a medical history gives us a first impression and revelation, and also guides us to a concept of the nature of the disease.
Second, laboratory inspection:
Laboratory examinations must be summarized and analyzed based on objective data learned from medical history and physical examination, from which several diagnostic possibilities may be proposed, and further consideration should be given to those examinations to confirm the diagnosis. The location and size of the perforation should be clarified during diagnosis and the cause should be identified at the same time. Sometimes small perforations are often covered by scars and ignored, and the knots should be removed carefully.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The diversity of the cause of nasal septal perforation determines whether it can manifest itself as an independent disease or as a local manifestation of a disease. In the case of nasal septal perforation alone, it is mainly characterized by nasal dryness and purulent formation, often accompanied by headache and nosebleeds. If a small perforator is in the anterior segment of the nasal septum, a whistling sound occurs during the breathing period; if it is located in the posterior segment of the nasal septum, there is no whistling sound. Tuberculosis and viruses cause pus and odor. The perforation of the nasal septum was observed, and the perforation was scarred, and the perforation edge was eroded and easily bleed.
Nasal septum abscess: Where the nasal septum symmetry swelling, local pain is obvious, accompanied by nasal bridge and nose tip redness and pain, should be carefully examined, puncture, swelling of the swollen part of the pus, you can confirm the diagnosis.
