Scoliosis
Introduction
Introduction Scoliosis means that one or more segments of the spine are bent laterally off the midline of the body in the coronal plane to form a curvature of the spine, usually accompanied by rotation of the spine and kyphosis or anterior The increase or decrease of the protrusion, as well as the ribs of the ribs, the rotation of the pelvis and the abnormality of the ligaments and muscles of the paravertebral, it is a symptom or X-ray sign, which can be caused by many diseases. Scoliosis usually occurs in the cervical spine, the thoracic vertebra, or the spine between the chest and the waist, or it can occur separately in the lower back. The side curve appears on the side of the spine and is "C" type; or appears on both sides, in the "S" shape. It reduces the volume of the chest, abdomen and pelvic cavity and also reduces the height.
Cause
Cause
Congenital scoliosis refers to an abnormality in the structure of the spine, that is, a triangular hemivertebra, a butterfly vertebra, a fusion vertebra, and an abnormal development of the rib after birth, resulting in tilting of the spine, resulting in a lateral or kyphosis. It is rare in clinical practice and requires more surgical correction.
Idiopathic scoliosis refers to the absence of abnormalities in the spine structure. Due to the imbalance of neuromuscular strength, the spine should have a physiological curvature that becomes a pathological curvature, that is, the original thoracic kyphosis becomes a scoliosis. Common in clinical practice, mostly due to long-term bad posture and bad living habits, most of them can achieve ideal results through conservative treatment.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Spinal examination of the spine MRI
Early diagnosis is important to make early treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the census work of primary and secondary school students and focus on prevention.
(1) medical history
Ask in detail about all conditions related to spinal deformity, such as the patient's health, age and sexual maturity. Also need to pay attention to past history, surgical history and trauma history. Children with spinal deformity should be aware of the health status of their mother during pregnancy, whether there is a history of medication during the first trimester of pregnancy, and whether there are complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Family history should pay attention to the situation of other people with spinal deformity. Family history is especially important in the neuromuscular spine.
(2) Medical examination
Pay attention to three important aspects: deformity, etiology and complications.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The symptoms of scoliosis should be identified based on the location of the lateral curvature.
(1) Scoliosis: that is, part of the spine of the spine deviates from the midline of the body and is called the scoliosis of the spine. There are left convex, right convex and S-shaped curved, C-shaped curved.
(2) kyphosis: refers to the thoracic kyphosis beyond the physiological curve range.
(3) Saddleback: It means that a certain vertebral body is destroyed, and the vertebral body suddenly protrudes backward.
(4) Round back: refers to the entire spine protruding backward like a bow.
(5) Teratogenic chest: There are two types, one is that the sternum protrudes outward, and the other is that the sternum is inwardly recessed.
(6) Rotation (twisting): This is because the lumbar transverse process is formed by a high side or a low sternum, which is the most complicated and most difficult to treat.
