hallucination
Introduction
Introduction Illusion is the sensory experience of the sensory organ lacking objective stimuli and has the same characteristics as the real perceptual experience. Illusion is a kind of perceptual experience that arises from the outside world (or inside the body), unlike imagery that is an inner experience. Hallucinations are one of the most common symptoms in people with mental illness, and a few normal people can experience hallucinations, especially when they are tired.
Cause
Cause
The following factors are related to the production of hallucinations:
1. Strong emotional factors, such as severe depression, can produce hallucinations related to the content of sinful delusions.
2. Implied: Fantasy illusion that can be produced by patients with snoring.
3. Feeling deprivation: such as senile deafness, experimental psychosis.
4. Brain diseases, such as temporal lobe epilepsy.
5. Hypnosis and illusion of awakening.
6. Disorder of consciousness.
7. Some mental illnesses: such as schizophrenia.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Brain nerve examination, brain CT examination, brain MRI examination
An important means of psychological diagnosis is psychological testing. Physical phenomena and physiological phenomena are measurable, and psychological phenomena are measurable. For example, the weight or length of the object can be measured or measured with a ruler, the blood pressure of the person can be measured with a sphygmomanometer, and the memory of the person can be measured with a memory meter. Of course, the measurement of human psychological phenomena has its own characteristics compared with the measurement of physical phenomena and physiological phenomena. There are many types of psychological tests. According to a survey conducted by American psychologists in 1961, there are nearly 3,000 psychological tests. But as far as its classification is concerned, there are only a few types. From the purpose of the test, it can be divided into intelligence test, personality test, special ability test and so on. From the content of the test, it can be divided into text test and non-text test. From the form of the test, it can be divided into individual tests and group tests. From the method of testing, it can be divided into questionnaire type test, work type test, and projective test. There are many types of personality tests. Currently, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test (MMPI) is popular in the West. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test is a wide range of subjects, consisting of 566 questions, including health, psychosomatic symptoms, neurological disorders, and dyskinesias; Sexual, religious, social and political attitudes; issues of education, occupation, family, marriage, etc.; various abnormal behaviors such as obsessive attitudes, compulsive behaviors, hallucinations, fantasies, sadism and masochism. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test is of great value in the diagnosis of personality and mental illness.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
(1) Obsessive-compulsive disorder caused by alcoholism
It occurs mostly in people who drink for a long time or a few days after suddenly stopping drinking. Clinical features: Consciousness of consciousness, complete orientation, and auditory hallucinations, and visual hallucinations are rare. The auditory hallucinations are not good for the patient, such as scolding and threatening, and the patient is frightened and anxious. This symptom develops slowly and can last for weeks, months or even years, and stop drinking can be gradually reduced and restored.
(2) Obsessive-compulsive disorder caused by lead poisoning
Patients with acute lead poisoning can experience illusions of horror, such as seeing strange strange beasts, ghosts and bulls. This can lead to fear, anxiety, excitement, and the possibility of a piece of victimization.
(three) reactive obsessive-compulsive disorder
Under the influence of strong obsessive-compulsive factors, the patients may have visual hallucinations and auditory hallucinations. The content is related to obsessive-compulsive factors. The patients show fear and anxiety. When the obsessive-compulsive factors are eliminated, the symptoms disappear quickly.
(4) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
In addition to association, affective disorder, and decreased will, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have hallucinations in more than half of the patients. The most common is auditory hallucinations, mainly speech-based auditory hallucinations. When a patient hears a neighbor, a relative, a colleague, or a stranger, the content often makes the patient unpleasant. It is characterized by hearing two or more voices talking about the patient, quarreling with each other, or commenting on the patient in a third person. Some voices often threaten to command patients. If the patient is not allowed to eat, let the patient die, etc., or talk about the patient's thoughts, comment on the patient's behavior, the patient's behavior can be affected by auditory hallucinations. An important means of psychological diagnosis is psychological testing. Physical phenomena and physiological phenomena are measurable, and psychological phenomena are measurable. For example, the weight or length of the object can be measured or measured with a ruler, the blood pressure of the person can be measured with a sphygmomanometer, and the memory of the person can be measured with a memory meter. Of course, the measurement of human psychological phenomena has its own characteristics compared with the measurement of physical phenomena and physiological phenomena. There are many types of psychological tests. According to a survey conducted by American psychologists in 1961, there are nearly 3,000 psychological tests. But as far as its classification is concerned, there are only a few types. From the purpose of the test, it can be divided into intelligence test, personality test, special ability test and so on. From the content of the test, it can be divided into text test and non-text test. From the form of the test, it can be divided into individual tests and group tests. From the method of testing, it can be divided into questionnaire type test, work type test, and projective test. There are many types of personality tests. Currently, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test (MMPI) is popular in the West. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test is a wide range of subjects, consisting of 566 questions, including health, psychosomatic symptoms, neurological disorders, and dyskinesias; Sexual, religious, social and political attitudes; issues of education, occupation, family, marriage, etc.; various abnormal behaviors such as obsessive attitudes, compulsive behaviors, hallucinations, fantasies, sadism and masochism. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test is of great value in the diagnosis of personality and mental illness.
